<p>Naples Memorial Town Hall is a historic town hall located at Naples in Ontario County, New York. It was built in 1870-72 and is a lavish and imposing, two story rectangular brick building in the Italianate style. It was designed by A. J. Warner & Company, the Rochester partnership of A. J. Warner and Charles Coots. The town hall served as the center of the village and town&#39;s social and recreational activities until World War II. Between 1942 and 1972, the building was in private hands and served a variety of commercial and light industrial uses. In 1972, it was reacquired by the town and serves as a community center and host site for the annual Naples Grape Festival. Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Chickasaw County Courthouse is a historic governmental building located at 8 East Prospect Street in New Hampton, Iowa, United States. On July 2, 1981, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Bradford was established as the first county seat for Chickasaw County in 1854, and a log structure was built for a courthouse. One of the first functions in the new building was to move the county seat to the more centrally located town of New Hampton, which was finalized in 1857. The first courthouse there was completed in 1865, and it was destroyed in a fire on March 26, 1880. The people in New Hampton contributed $5,000 for a new courthouse so as to keep the county seat in New Hampton. The brick and stone structure was completed in 1881 for $10,500. Two wings were added to the building in 1905 and 1906 for about $4,200 each.</p><br>
<p>The present courthouses was built from 1929 to 1930. It was designed in the Moderne or Art Deco styles of architecture by the Waterloo, Iowa architectural firm of Ralston & Ralston. It was constructed of Bedford stone for about $134,000.</p><br>
<p>The Soo Hotel, later known as the Princess Hotel, The Patterson Hotel Annex, and The Hotel Dakotan is a historic building located on Fifth Street North in Bismarck, North Dakota, United States, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It was built by prominent businessman and political powerhouse Edward Patterson in 1906 as a second-class hotel to his other property, the high-class Northwestern Hotel. The four-floor, 76-room hotel was named after the Soo Line Railroad which had arrived in town in 1902 and whose depot was located several blocks away. It was briefly the tallest building in Bismarck.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Edward Patterson chose Fargo architect Milton Earle Beebe to design the hotel. Beebe had previously designed the Patterson Block for him, also listed on the National Register and located around the corner from the Soo on Main Street. The basement and first two floors were constructed of reinforced concrete with the upper walls being tied to concrete facing blocks pressed at the construction site. The third and fourth floors were constructed entirely of 6-inch cement blocks with wood framing due to the fourth floor possibly being a last-minute addition. The facade is faced with glazed "Spot-Iron" Hebron pressed brick manufactured by the Hebron Brick Company in Hebron, North Dakota. The building originally sported a tall brick pediment stating the name of the Hotel and the date of construction but this was removed sometime after the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>When completed in early 1907 the building was advertised as "absolutely fireproof" recalling the fire that had destroyed most of downtown Bismarck in 1898. Following the construction of the adjacent McKenzie Hotel in 1911, built by Patterson and owned by Alexander McKenzie, a close friend of Pattersons, the two hotels were connected to allow patrons of the Soo access to the McKenzies dining facilities.</p><br>
<p>After McKenzie&#39;s passing in 1922, Patterson acquired his hotel and would rename it the Patterson Hotel in March 1927. At the same time Patterson renamed the Soo hotel the Princess. This supposedly was a jab</p><br>
<p>at his arch-rival in the Bismarck business and political world, Edmond A. Hughes, who shortly before had been involved in renaming the Van Horn Hotel, two blocks west, the</p><br>
<p>Prince Hotel. In the mid-1930s, Patterson renamed the Princess the Patterson Hotel Annex. Although it remained a separate hotel, guests had to check in at the Patterson Hotel desk. Around 1950 the hotel came under new ownership and was renamed The Dakotan. At this time the building was separated from the Patterson and as part of a major interior remodel had its own lobby re-constructed as well as having its own elevator installed in the building&#39;s light shaft.</p><br>
<p>With the construction of Interstate 94 in 1964 business began to decline in downtown Bismarck and by the end of the 1970s, the Dakotan closed for business. The upper floors remained vacant until it was renovated in the 1980s by Northwest Development Group headed by Jim Christianson, who has restored many historic buildings in the Bismarck/Mandan area. The ground floor, which originally held the hotel lobby as well as a succession of grocery businesses and a department store, currently houses small stores.</p><br>
<p>The William Rainey Harper Log House, also known as the Harper Cabin, is located at 20 West Main Street in New Concord, Ohio, United States. The home was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on 1980-01-03.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The log house was built in 1834 by Archibold Boal for Joseph McKinney. The structure has remained much intact over the years and closely resembles the original plan. The house passed to Henry McCleary in 1843 and William Rainey Harper was born in the cabin in 1856. William remained in the house while he attended Muskingum College until he graduated at the age of 13 in 1869. Although William left for Yale in 1872, the house remained in the Harper family until it was sold in 1904.</p><br>
<p>The house was purchased by Muskingum College in 1918 and would remain so until 1987, and saw a photography studio as well as a classroom during that time. The cabin was renovated and restored in 1937 and was presented in 1987 to the city of New Concord. The house is used as a museum and operated by volunteers from the village.</p><br>
<p>Tours of the house can be arranged through the John and Annie Glenn Historic Site.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The two-story house is constructed of local hewn logs and designed in the Federal style. The central door is surrounded by a window to each side with three windows in line on the second floor. The gabled roof rests on a simple entablature with a chimney situated at either side of the house. The house is located next to a more recent building to the right and an herb garden is fenced off to the left.</p><br>
<p>The Avalon Theater is a Historic Art Deco style Movie theater located in the commercial district of Larimore, North Dakota, United States. Built in 1938 as a 350-seat theater, the Avalon&#39;s most significant feature is its Art Deco detailing, especially the marquee, box office, and entry doors and continuing with simple Art Deco geometry motifs in the interior, all of which has survived. The building is constructed of brick with a parabolic poured concrete floor in the seating area to ensure a good view for all. The building still functions as a movie theater, with its original projectors, and also is home to local live theater groups.</p><br>
<p>The Avalon Theater is historically significant as a rare example of Art Deco theaters built during the Great Depression. It is part of a vanishing genre of small town movie houses, and is the only remaining Art Deco building in Larimore.</p><br>
<p>The Avalon Theater played Broadway Serenade on its opening night, April 28, 1939.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site of the Avalon Theatre was originally occupied by the Arnold Block, a two story 75 by 100 ft. brick building with cut stone trimmings. Horace F. Arnold commissioned architect Joseph Bell DeRemer to design the building and it was completed in 1905. The Arnold block was destroyed by fire in 1938. The Avalon Theatre and an adjoining store were built in the shell of the buildings remains which was given several architectural updates but retained some of the 1905 buildings elements.</p><br>
<p>The Jolimont is a hill that stretches Southwest to Northeast for about 4 km along the Thielle canal, between the Lake of Neuchâtel and the Lake of Bienne, in the Seeland, Switzerland.</p><br>
<p>The Jolimont elevation starts in Gampelen till Erlach (fr. Cerlier), where its promontory into the Lake of Bienne builds both the Isthmus and the St. Petersinsel peninsula. North, nestled between it and the Thielle canal lies Gals and, at its southern side, Tschugg.</p><br>
<h2>Vineyards</h2><br>
<p>The sunny side slopes of the Jolimont are ideal for growing grapes, mostly chasselas.</p><br>
<h2>Panorama</h2><br>
<p>The hilltop offers an extraordinary view on the Castle of Erlach, which was erected during the 11th Century, protecting Erlach’s picturesque old town, erected on terraces along the steep descend of "Schlossberg" toward the lake and the St. Petersinsel.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The Jolimont is located within an area rich in archaeological sites, at the side of an important waterway. Local historians have explored the hill since the 14th Century. Isolated objects of almost all areas, undetermined defensive systems and vestiges of Roman housings indicate the early presence of mankind on the summit plateau. Three tumulus excavated in 1847 contained tombs with furniture dating back to the medium Bronze era (including weapons found in the men’s tombs from the 2nd Millennium B.C. and the Hallstatt era (approx. 500 B.C.). A Roman road leading to Petinesca (Studen) on the side of the lake of Bienne, passed at the southern side of the Jolimont, reaching the Steiacher ‘’villa’’ on the Tschugg territory.</p><br>
<h2>Sources & Reference</h2><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>-H.-M. von Kaenel et al., «Das Seeland in ur- und frühgeschichtlicher Zeit», in Jahrbuch der Geographischen Gesellschaft von Bern, 53, 1977-1979, 71-165, author: Felix Müller (Berne) / PM</p><br>
<h2>Map</h2><br>
<p>Salt River is a saline river system in south-west Western Australia. It arises from a chain of salt lakes in the vicinity of Corrigin, flowing northward nearly to Bruce Rock then west and south-west past Quairading, before discharging into the Yenyening Lakes northeast of Brookton. These in turn discharge into the Avon River, which discharges into the Swan River estuary, which discharges into the Indian Ocean.</p><br>
<p>It has a very low gradient, estimated at around 30 centimetres fall per kilometre. In many places it is essentially flat, and in these places it forms relatively large salt-lakes that hold large amounts of water before eventually filling and overflowing. Thus the Salt River does not flow all at once, other than during periods of prolonged or extreme rainfall. Rather, each component rotates through a cycle of filling and overflowing, influenced by cycles further upstream.</p><br>
<p>The Nicollet County Courthouse and Jail are historic governmental buildings located at 501 South Minnesota Avenue in St. Peter, Minnesota, United States.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was designed in a Romanesque Revival style of architecture by noted St. Paul architects Edward P. Bassford and E. W. Stebbins. Construction started and was completed in 1881 at a cost of $26,638. Bohn and Wilce of Winona were the builders. Minor extensions and additions were made in 1917 and 1967. In 1978 a $913,512 3-story addition designed by Wick-Kagermeier-Skaar of Mankato was built on the rear side of the building. A March 28, 1998 tornado damaged the building and after repairs it was reopened in June 2000. The next year a 3-year multimillion-dollar extension and renovation began. The building is now called the Nicollet County Government Center.</p><br>
<p>The jail was designed in a Queen Anne style of architecture by Winona architect Andrew J. Van Deusen. Construction was started in 1906 and completed in 1907 at an estimated cost of about $22,000.</p><br>
<p>On September 6, 2002, they were added to the National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<p>The Harriet and Thomas Beare House is a Victorian house located on Reeves Drive in the Near Southside Historic District of Grand Forks, North Dakota.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1901 for real estate man Thomas Beare on Reeves Drive, the most prestigious residential street in Grand Forks, and exemplifies the conspicuous consumption of the cities&#39; elite during the Progressive Era and the growth of the Second Dakota Boom.</p><br>
<p>It is a significant example of the Queen Anne style with elements taken from the Classical Revival style. Queen Anne details include decorative chimneys, complexity of roof shapes such as conical turrets and hipped roof dormers, finials, and fish-scale shingled gable ends. The house is a relatively simple expression of the style and shows signs of transition into the Classical Revival style in its symmetrical facade, Ionic columns, Doric details, and regular footprint. A notable feature is the Porte-cochere which is fairly rare in Grand Forks.</p><br>
<p>The Harriet and Thomas Beare House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. It is also known as the Margaret E. Bowler Murphy and Michael F. Murphy House.</p><br>
<p>369th Regiment Armory is a historic National Guard armory building located in Harlem, New York City. It was built for the 369th Regiment. The unit was founded in 1913 as the first and only National Guard unit in New York State composed solely of African-Americans. It consists of an Art Deco style administration building  with an attached medieval-inspired drill shed  designed by Tachau and Vought and measuring 50,000 ft&sup2;. Both sections are constructed of brick. The -story, rectangular administration building features a terra cotta parapet embellished with chevron designs and stylized eagles. The drill shed is stories, and the interior features three tiers of balconies on all four sides with a seating capacity of 6,000–7,000.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>St Anthony&#39;s Hall in York, England, is a former medieval guildhall and Grade I listed building. It currently houses Trinity Church York and the Quilt Museum and Gallery. The Hall, located on Peasholme Green, was built between 1446 and 1453 on the site of a chapel of St Anthony for either the Guild of St Martin or the Guild of St Anthony . After the decline of the Guilds, it was used between 1627 and 1705 for various purposes: as an arsenal, a military hospital and a prison. Between 1705 and 1947 it housed the York Bluecoat School, after which it was offered to the York Civic Trust. In 1953, it became the Borthwick Institute for Historical Research , which moved in 2004 to a purpose-built building next to the J B Morrell Library on the campus of the University of York. The Quilt Museum and Gallery opened in the Hall in 2008 and closed in 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Hall resembles the Merchant Adventurers Hall in that it has two floors, of which the lower one consisted of a hospital and a chapel. In contrast to the Merchants Hall, however, the walls of the lower floor are of stone (rather than brick) and the outer walls of the timber-framed upper floor were rebuilt in brick in the 17th century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St Anthony&#39;s Hall was built between 1446 and 1453 but there are several different accounts of who was responsible for founding it. The first date, 1446, is connected to a charter granted to a group of wealthy citizens of York, by Henry VI that licensed them to found a Guild of St Mary and St Martin. Most sources agree that the Hall was built by this Guild of St Martin, with no mention of a Guild of St Anthony being associated with the Hall at the time of its construction, and that the name of St Anthony was used for the Hall because of a chapel that had formally occupied the site. However, there is evidence for a Fraternity of St Anthony of York in the city as early 1438, so it is possible that this group and the Guild of St Martin built and shared a guildhall. It has also been argued that they were both the same guild and the men who obtained the charter were members of the St Anthony group who were unable to use their preferred name on the charter because there was already a Guild of St Anthony in London. The 1453 date relates to the year of the consecration of the chapel although the building itself was not completed until several years later.</p><br>
<p>The Hall was used as the venue for great feasts that took place every three years. These were repeatedly associated with claims of mismanagement by the guild that would eventually lead to its downfall. Maintenance of the Hall was funded by contributions by trade and craft guilds but in the 1560s monetary concerns led to the Hall becoming used as a workhouse for the poor until the passing of the 1601 Poor Relief Act. Other uses for the Hall in the late sixteenth century included being an archery practice range and as a theatre for the performance of Mystery plays. The Guild failed to control its financial problems and was dissolved in 1627.</p><br>
<p>During the reign of Charles I the Hall was used as a military storehouse and served as a hospital following the Battle of Marston Moor. In 1655 it was remodelled for use as a prison with additional internal walls and exterior brickwork being added to the building. Between 1705 and 1946 the Hall also became home to the Blue Coat School, initially a charity school for forty boys which was based on the first floor, until the prison was relocated by the 1820s and the school occupied the whole building. This was not the first time the Hall was a centre for education, in 1579 the chapel had been used to teach children French.</p><br>
<p>After the Bluecoat School closed the Hall was left vacant until restoration work in 1951&ndash;52 was completed and the Borthwick Institute opened in May 1953. Again the building was multi-purpose as it was also used as York&#39;s Day Continuation School and when this moved out in the late 1960s it was replaced by the York Archaeological Trust for over 20 years. Due to the limitations of the building the Borthwick Institute eventually moved to a new location in 2004 and the building was sold to the York Conservtion Trust in 2006 who undertook works to preserve the building. The project cost £2.2 million and included creation of a sensory garden and underpinning the walls. It was officially reopened by the Archbishop of York, John Sentamu, in 2010. In June 2008 the Quilt Museum and Gallery opened at the Hall displaying a collection of antique and modern quilts. The museum closed in October 2015 but the collection can still be seen by appointment. The Hall is currently the home of Trinity Church York.</p><br>
<p>The East Side Historic District is a primarily residential neighborhood located to the east of downtown Saratoga Springs, New York, United States. It is an irregularly shaped area 114 acre in size, extending almost to Saratoga Race Course from the neighborhood of Congress Park.</p><br>
<p>During the 19th and early 20th centuries, it was where the citys well-to-do residents built their homes, when the city was one of the countrys top resorts, frequented by many of the wealthiest families of the era. Later on it was home to the earliest incarnations of Skidmore College. In 1982 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>East Side is one of five historic districts, all contiguous, in the city. It is bordered by Union Avenue on the south, Congress Park to the west and Broadway on the northwest.</p><br>
<h3>Boundary</h3><br>
<p>The district&#39;s irregular boundary follows primarily lot lines and streets. It begins in the north at the intersection of Circular and North streets, including the properties on both sides of Circular at that point. From there it goes east along North to East Harrison Street, where it turns south. Houses on York Avenue all the way east to Nelson Avenue are included, then it follows the rear lot line of houses on the west side of East Harrison south of that intersection (excluding the entire block at Middle Avenue). It then returns to East Harrison along Swanner Lane and follows the back lines along some of the houses along Lake Avenue (NY 29)</p><br>
<p>Opposite Marion Place, it goes out to Lake and follows it east to the middle of the block between Marion and Nelson Avenue. There, it turns south between two properties to eventually follow Diamond Place. It takes in the house at the corner of Diamond Place and Diamond Street, then follows the latter west to the line between two lots and goes south to Mitchell Place. It follows Mitchell out to Nelson and then turns south briefly to continue east along the rear lot lines of the north side of Caroline Street to include three lots east of Ludlow Street.</p><br>
<p>From there it continues south to the middle of the block, including all properties on Labelle Lane. It follows rear lot lines again along Fifth Avenue to East Avenue, which it follows south to the rear lot line of the properties on the south side of Fifth, excluding the stables and other track support buildings. This point is the district&#39;s eastern extreme.</p><br>
<p>The boundary continues to divide houses and racetrack buildings down to George Street, where it turns west. Other than including the house at 60 George, on the southwest corner of the Nelson Avenue intersection, it remains in George Street all the way to Court Street. There it dips southward again and follows Thompson Place to Regent Street.</p><br>
<p>It goes to its southernmost point when it includes all properties along the west side of Regent down to Union Avenue (NY 9P), then follows their rear lines north to Spring Street, where it turns west again. It turns north around a property at the northeast corner of Spring and Henry Street, then goes west to follow Henry up to Caroline. There it goes east to the middle of the block and then follows lot lines to Lake.</p><br>
<p>After following the rear lines of two properties next to the armory on Henry at the northeast corner of Lake, it includes one more house on Henry and then follows a driveway to Bank Alley, where it turns west to Henry again. It follows Henry, then the rear line along the east of the street until it reaches that of the house opposite North Street, where it turns east.</p><br>
<h3>Character</h3><br>
<p>The districts terrain is mostly level, most of it east of the rise from the small fault where the citys springs are located. It is extensively developed, with streets and narrower connecting alleys laid out in a grid plan.</p><br>
<p>There are 379 buildings within the district, many of them houses in an array of 19th and early 20th century styles, from Gothic Revival to Bungalow. They are predominantly faced in clapboard or brick. Only 15 of them are of modern construction, including one supermarket building, and thus not considered contributing properties to the district&#39;s historic character.</p><br>
<p>A few institutional buildings remain from Skidmore College&#39;s use of the area prior to 1976, especially its former art school near the west boundary. The state armory on Lake Avenue, one of many designed by Isaac Perry, is also included, as well as a church, fire station and local elementary school.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>As Saratoga Springs began to develop into one of the country&#39;s most fashionable resorts in the late 19th century, it developed its own upper and upper-middle class. These people, primarily the owners of stores and spas and those who owned the firms that designed and built them, wanted to live in houses that reflected their success. They gravitated to the neighborhoods east of upper Broadway and north of Union Avenue, where the wealthy summer residents had their homes. Their own homes were scaled-down versions of those homes, often by the same architects, including R. Newton Brezee, who himself lived on the East Side.</p><br>
<p>In 1902 Lucy Skidmore Scribner founded the Young Womens Industrial Club. It became Skidmore School of the Arts a decade later, in 1911, and finally Skidmore College in 1922. The Regent Street Theatre was the first building constructed specifically for the college. By 1931 the campus dominated the western portion of the district, with 82 buildings either built or renovated for it over 34 acre. In 1976 it moved to a new campus in the citys north, and left most of its original buildings.</p><br>
<p>Currently its historic character is preserved by the citys Design Review Commission, a seven-member body appointed by the mayor to staggered three-year terms. It reviews any proposed signage and exterior changes to any building in any of the citys historic districts.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>None of the properties in the district are currently listed on the National Register in their own right. Some are notable within it.</p><br>
<p>R. Newton Brezee House, 119 Caroline Street. This Clapboard Queen Anne designed as his own residence by the architect of many homes in the city, including several others in the district, and built in 1892.</p><br>
<p>New York State Armory, 60 Lake Avenue. A Romanesque Revival brick structure designed by state architect Isaac Perry in 1890.</p><br>
<p>Regent Street Theatre, 153 Regent Street. Shingled Colonial Revival structure was first building built for Skidmore, in 1903.</p><br>
<p>The Calumet and Hecla Industrial District is a historic district located in Calumet, Michigan and roughly bounded by Hecla and Torch Lake railroad tracks, Calumet Avenue, Mine and Depot Streets. The district contains structures associated with the copper mines worked by the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company, located along a line above the copper lode, where railroad tracks connected separate mine heads. The Historic District is completely contained in the Calumet Historic District  and the Keweenaw National Historical Park. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1973 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The copper lode underneath the Calumet and Hecla Industrial District was discovered in 1858 by Edwin J. Hulbert, who immediately garnered investors, bought the property, and established the Hulbert Mining Company.</p><br>
<p>Agassiz was the president of the newly incorporated company, a position he held until his death in 1910. The company prospered under his leadership; in particular it underwent substantial growth between 1880 and 1910, when most of these buildings currently standing in the district were built. However, after a 1913 mining strike, the company gradually declined, and was weakened further by the onset of the Great Depression. Finally, in 1968, the company was purchased by Universal Oil Products, who closed the Keweenaw mines for good.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>There are ten buildings in the district: the Machine Shop, the "Blacksmith Shop," (misidentified as such; actually the Pipe Shop), the Roundhouse, Warehouse #2, the Superior Boilerhouse, the Gearhouse, the General Office Building, the Library, the Bathhouse, and the Miscowaubik Club. These structures, constructed primarily during the 1880s, represent the second generation of mine buildings constructed at the site; the earliest structures were destroyed by fire or razed. These buildings are part of a larger industrial complex of mine-related buildings, originally built by the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company, that still stand in the area along Calumet Avenue and Mine Street.</p><br>
<h3>Machine Shop (c. 1882)</h3><br>
<p>The machine shop is a two-story structure, 416 ft long and 54 ft wide, made of coursed mine rock A clerestory window admits light to the interior, which is floored in concrete. The original machine shop was designed around 1882 by Erasmus D. Leavitt Jr., a consulting engineer with Calumet & Hecla; it was used to repair large equipment, including mining skips and trams. A major reconstruction was performed in 1907, and additions were made in 1911; it is likely that the building in its current form dates entirely from these two years.</p><br>
<h3>Blacksmith Shop (Pipe Shop) (1883)</h3><br>
<p>The blacksmith shop, built in 1883, is a hipped-roof structure built of rock, measuring 96 ft by 54 feet It was later used as a smith shop; an addition was constructed in 1904.</p><br>
<h3>Roundhouse (1888)</h3><br>
<p>The roundhouse is built of coursed mine rock masonry in the shape of a semicircle with a turntable in the center. and had twelve train stalls ranging from 75 ft deep on the south end and 90 ft deep on the north. The structure is built of random mine rock with brick arches over the windows with a shed roof. Train bay doors are spanned with cast iron lintels.</p><br>
<p>A later addition from 1902 increased the circumferential span of the building by 55 degrees, adding five train bays. In 1907, three additions were made: a small shed and drying house, and a 75 ft by 60 ft machine shop. The machine shop was roofed by a low gable, and the eaves and construction matched that of the original structure. Finally, in 1928 an 80 ft by 37 ft storage area.</p><br>
<h3>Warehouse #2</h3><br>
<p>Warehouse number 2 was constructed with rail tracks running through it so that large items could be loaded inside.</p><br>
<h3>Superior Boilerhouse (1880)</h3><br>
<p>The original Superior Boilerhouse, built in 1880, is a 60 ft by 77 ft structure, constructed of coursed rubble, with a steeply hipped roof and an attached brick smokestack measuring 150 ft tall. measures 154 ft by 69 feet. Both the original boilerhouse and the addition were designed by Erasmus D. Leavit, Jr., and were intended to supply steam to the nearby enginehouse.</p><br>
<h3>Gearhouse (c. 1890)</h3><br>
<p>The gearhouse is constructed from rough sandstone and mine rock with a steeply pitched roof. however, in 1892 it was converted to use as an electrical power house, and used as such until a new power plant was built in Lake Linden in 1906.</p><br>
<h3>General Office Building (c. 1890)</h3><br>
<p>The General Office Building is a -story office building built of reddish-brown stone trimmed with brick. It was used as a general mine operation center, and also housed engineering and accounting departments. The original building was designed in the early 1890s by the Boston firm of Shaw and Hunnewell; two later additions, architecturally faithful to the original, were designed by the Marquette firm of Charlton and Kuenzli. Of these three sections, the eastern section measures 69 ft by 46 ft, the western section 22 ft by 30 ft, and the northern section 46 ft by 35 feet.</p><br>
<p>The building currently serves as the headquarters for the Keweenaw National Historical Park.</p><br>
<h3>Library (1898)</h3><br>
<p>Like the office building, the library was designed by Shaw and Hunnewell. The building is two-and-a-half stories high, built of rough masonry trimmed with brick around the windows, and with brick quoins. It is built in a "T" shape, with the main wing measuring 62 ft by 42 ft and the south wing 38 ft by 32 feet. The roof is formed from two intersecting gables covered with dark grey slate.</p><br>
<p>The building was originally designed to house adult and children&#39;s reading rooms on the second floor, library stacks, office space, and cloakrooms on the first floor, and baths for men, women, and children in the basement. Small alterations were made over the next few years, including adding a west entrance porch, reconfiguring the baths, and adding more shelves.</p><br>
<p>In 1911, a new bathhouse was constructed, and the bath section of the library was remodeled to provide additional stack space. However, as the fortunes of the Calumet & Hecla Mining Company declined, support for the library became difficult. In 1944, the library collection was transferred to the Calumet High School, and the building was converted to office space. The library currently serves as the Keweenaw History Center, housing historical artifacts and archives.</p><br>
<p>The library is significant as a notable example of the paternalism of corporations at the time, as well as being a striking example of sophisticated design and stonework.</p><br>
<h3>Bathhouse (1910)</h3><br>
<p>The bathhouse was constructed in 1910. The building also served as the home of Calumet-based television station WBKP from its sign-on in 1996 until it moved from the area in 2001.</p><br>
<h3>Miscowaubik Club (c. 1875)</h3><br>
<p>The Miscowaubik Club was originally built as a private home, reportedly in about 1875 for chief mining engineer Thomas Hoatson.</p><br>
<p>The structure is a -story wood-framed house with a gable roof, measuring 108 ft by 83 feet. In 1903, the house was converted into a private club by the firm of Parker, Thomas, and Rice. The house has undergone extensive interior and exterior remodeling.</p><br>
<p>The Candelaria Caves are a large natural cave system in the highland-lowland transition of Alta Verapaz in Guatemala between the municipalities of Chisec and Raxruha. The caves are famous for its peculiar karst phenomena and significance to the Mayan history.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Amongst the attractions of its huge karst caverns are speleothems like stalactites, stalagmites, stalagnates and flowstone drapes. Pit caves, caused by collapse of the ceiling, light the inside of the caves. The main gallery has a length of 22 km, of which 12.5 km follows the underground passage of the Candelaria River. The total length of the cave system, including coulisses, secondary and upper passages, is estimated to be 80 km.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Great Western Trade Route of the Classic Maya, which connected the Guatemalan highlands to the Petén lowlands, went through the Candelaria Caves area. Pottery artefacts and rupestral paintings evidence the use of the caves for ceremonies. The Popol Vuh of the Kiche people considers the Candelaria Caves an entrance to the underworld. Some of the caves are still used for Mayan celebrations. Even though, the caves now are opened to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The government of Guatemala declared the Candelaria Caves national park in 1999. After long battles with the government the local Qeqchi people gained the management of tourism in the caves through their “Association Maya Qeqchi Development and Tourism of Candelaria-Camposanto”. There are several entrances to the caves, managed by different Qeqchi&#39; communities like the association. They charge a little fee to visit the caves with a guide and use this fund to support the economic life of the village in the most equitable way possible.</p><br>
<p>R.S. Blome Granitoid Pavement is a historic road surface, as well as the associated cut sandstone curbs in a few sections, found in three of the oldest residential sections of Grand Forks, North Dakota. It is a Portland cement–aggregate combination that was intended to bridge the gap between the needs of Horse-drawn vehicles, which required sure footing, and automobiles, which needed a hard, resilient surface, in the earliest part of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>R.S. Blome Granitoid was made from a mixture of Portland cement and angular granite chips along with other stone and sand, laid down over an appropriately arched prepared road bed followed by a six-inch layer of loose gravel (macadam). It was laid in five-foot sections which were sealed at the joints with an asphalt and rubber mix to allow for expansion. Another intended benefit of laying the pavement in these sections was that it allowed for removal of only necessary portions for utility work. However it would appear that this intention was ignored as indicated by the presence of utility cuts and mismatched concrete and asphalt patching in the Grand Forks examples.</p><br>
<p>Over these sections was laid a two-inch finish layer of Portland cement and carefully screened angular granite chips measuring between 1/8 and 3/8 of an inch. Angular chips of granite were specified over rounded river gravel to ensure a firm bond and prohibit the dislodging of gravel common to concrete. As the surface dried it was brushed and scored to resemble cut stone, providing a good non-slip surface for horses. Though the Blome Company patent specified a gridded pattern of scoring, the Grand Forks pavement exhibits a running bond pattern.</p><br>
<p>Also surviving are a number of bronze name plates embedded into the paving surface which read "Established 1888. GRANITOID. R.S. Blome. Chicago. 1907."</p><br>
<p>This pavement type was selected after a lively discussion by city residents as a solution to the problem of ankle-deep mud which was an annual result of the spring thaw and rains. The residents determined to have a quality pavement that would last long "after it was paid for". Their choice has been validated as the Granitoid is still quite serviceable and well suited to modern automobile traffic after nearly a century of use.</p><br>
<p>Out of several extant locations where Blome Granitoid has been found, such as Duluth, Minnesota, Calumet, Michigan and Spokane and Seattle, Washington, there are several characteristics which make the Grand Forks sections particularly significant. There is more surviving Granitoid and the associated brass name plates in Grand Forks, encompassing a number of streets in three distinct neighborhoods, than in any of the other locations. Another important difference is the aforementioned use of the running bond pattern in the scoring, which is unique among all of the remaining examples. It suggests a desire among the residents for an aesthetic, as well as functional, pavement.</p><br>
<p>A 55 acre area was listed on the National Register in 1991. However, the listing was modified in 2010 to decrease the listed area.</p><br>
<p>Fagaloa Bay is located on the north eastern coast of Upolu island in Samoa. The area is a significant region of conservation and culture. The bay is situated within the political district of Va&#39;a-o-Fonoti.</p><br>
<p>The geographic area consists of a mountain formation rising out of the sea. At the base of the bay lies the village Ta&#39;elefaga at the mouth of the Malata river. To the east above the villages of Lona and Uafato are several waterfalls by mountain forests. On the western side is Mount Fao with spurs dissolving seaward into cliffs called Utuloa. Further east lies Uafato Bay at the eastern base of Malata river which displays spectacular landscape of lush rainforest and waterfalls.</p><br>
<p>The distinctive features of the Fagaloa area portrays some of the most interesting myths and legends in Samoan mythology which are considered invaluable and relevant to the peoples&#39; cultural lifestyle.</p><br>
<h2>Villages</h2><br>
<p>Situated at Fagaloa Bay are the villages of Sauano, Saletele, Musumusu, Salimu, Ta&#39;elefaga, Maasina, Lona, Samamea and Uafato.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>The area Fagaloa Bay - Uafato Tiavea Conservation Zone includes native forests and bird life earmarked for Unesco&#39;s world heritage protection.</p><br>
<p>At the Barnacken is the highest hill in the Teutoburg Forest in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Barnacken is located about 3 km (as the crow flies) southwest of Horn, part of the town of Horn-Bad Meinberg, and northwest of the Silberbach stream, which runs in a valley in a southwest to northeast direction through Veldrom to Leopoldstal, and the transition between the Teutoburg Forest and the Eggegebirge hills.</p><br>
<p>Its north-northeastern spur is the Kleine Rigi, its eastern subpeak, the Kartoffelberg (ca. ) and its western spur, the Mordkopf; they belong to Horn-Bad Meinberg. Its southern spur is the Padberg which belongs to Schlangen.</p><br>
<p>The river Strothe rises on the Barnacken, near the B 1 federal road, and flows in a southwesterly direction alongside the B1 from Horn-Bad Meinberg in the northeast to Schlangen in the southwest and which continues as the Thune before discharging into the river Lippe.</p><br>
<h2>Weser-Ems watershed</h2><br>
<p>The most southeasterly point of the Weser-Ems watershed is located on the Barnacken. All streams that rise in the Teutoburg Forest further to the northwest of this hill and flow westwards discharge, sooner or later, into the river Ems. By contrast, the streams and rivers that flow from here northwards and eastwards join the Weser at some point.</p><br>
<p>It should also be mentioned here that all streams that rise south of the Barnacken and flow towards the southwest, eventually enter the Lippe, which ultimately flows into the Rhine.</p><br>
<h2>Points of interest</h2><br>
<p>The following points of interest and geographical features may be found in the vicinity of the Barnacken:</p><br>
<p>Externsteine</p><br>
<p>Fürstenallee</p><br>
<p>Gauseköte (pass)</p><br>
<p>Hermannsdenkmal</p><br>
<p>Lippischer Velmerstot</p><br>
<p>Preußischer Velmerstot</p><br>
<p>Falkenburg ruins</p><br>
<p>Silberbachtal</p><br>
<p>The building at 312 Kittson Ave, Grand Forks, North Dakota is a two-story brick commercial vernacular style building with classical details built by Swedish-American builder Sander Johnson in 1907. It is part of the Downtown Grand Forks Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The building is constructed of brick, Hebron on the front and common on the sides and back. Its quality of workmanship, brickwork, and carpentry are notable. The first floor consists of a common wood store front with a limestone molding. The second floor features a bay window flanked by recessed brick work with a stone sill and a limestone keystone arch. The roof line is decorated with an egg-and-dart limestone cap decorated with a wrought-iron crest incorporating the building date. This cresting is flanked by two corner merlons which are capped by limestone moldings and antefixes. The second floor originally held an apartment.</p><br>
<p>The builder, Sander Johnson, moved to North Dakota from Sweden in 1902, building 312 Kittson Ave just five years later. The building has a European ambiance. This building was the first built by Johnson in his 60-year career as a builder and contractor in North Dakota and the Red River Valley. Johnson and his building companies also built the Grand Forks Masonic Temple and the Chester Fritz Library.</p><br>
<p>The Dori, also called Lora and Kadanai is a river of Afghanistan and Pakistan. It is a tributary of the Arghandab River and sub tributary of the Helmand River and runs for 320 km through Kandahar Province in Afghanistan and Balochistan in Pakistan.</p><br>
<p>The Dori begins north of the city of Quetta. It is called Lora in its headwaters in Pakistan. The name changes to Kadanai upon its entry into Afghanistan, and the name Dori is given below the town of Spin Baldak.</p><br>
<p>In Afghanistan, Dori first runs westward and soon faces the sandy desert of Rigestan. It then takes a northerly direction and along the desert passes east and northeast past Takht-e Pol, bordering southeast of the Kandahar Valley. Shortly after, it receives the Arghastan River and then the Tarnak River, both on the left bank, some 30 km south of the city of Kandahar.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The Dori receives most of its flow from melting snow in spring, especially in March.</p><br>
<p>Irrigation greatly reduces its speed. At Takht-e Pol it amounts to more or less than 1 m/s.</p><br>
<p>The Ghorband is a river of Afghanistan, flowing through Parwan Province. It is a tributary of the Panjshir River, then a sub-tributary of the Indus River, then the Kabul River.</p><br>
<p>The Ghorband runs entirely in Parwan province, where it gave its name to the Ghorband District. It is born in the eastern Shibar Pass (which connects the provinces of Parwan and Bamyan, or watersheds of the Ghorband and Kunduz River) and passes in an eastbound direction which it maintains throughout most of its course. It runs along the south and the imposing central range of the Hindu Kush, receiving meltwater in the Shibar Pass area of Salang. It flows from this in a long valley between the high range of the Hindu Kush (north) and Koh-i-Baba in the south. It then converges with the Panjchir, on its right bank, 10 kilometers east of Charikar. It flows through the districts of Sheikh Ali, Chinwari, Ghorband and Surkh Parsa.</p><br>
<p>The Ghorband receives many tributaries from both left and right, all fed mainly by snowmelt in spring and summer. Its main tributary is the Turkman but the Salang River converges on the left bank, and its valley is an important access route to the pass and towards the northern half of the country. The Salang converges with the Ghorband at the locality of Jabal Saraj.</p><br>
<p>The Salang is a 438 kilometre long river of Afghanistan, flowing through Parwan Province. It is a tributary of the Indus River and the Ghorband River and the Panjshir River and the Kabul River.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Salang River originates on the south side of the central mountains of the Hindu Kush in the north-east of Salang Pass, which links the region to Kabul with the northern part of the country.</p><br>
<p>Its valley and the Salang Pass form an important international waterway. It is north-south oriented. The Salang flows into the Ghorband River at the locality of Jabal Saraj in Parwan. In Jabal Saraj, the average annual flow module between 1961 and 1964 was about 763 millimeters per year, which is considered a high rate.</p><br>
<p>Brabson&#39;s Ferry Plantation is a Pioneer Century farm and former antebellum plantation near the USA city of Sevierville, Tennessee. Located at what was once a strategic crossing of the French Broad River, by 1860 the plantation had become one of the largest in East Tennessee, and one of the few in the region that rivalled the large plantations of the Deep South in size and influence. The farm remains in operation, and several of its historic structures&mdash; including two plantation houses and an 18th-century plank house&mdash; have been added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>John Brabson II (1773&ndash;1848) established Brabsons Ferry Plantation after purchasing the plantations namesake ferry in 1798, and acquired the surrounding fertile farmland over subsequent decades. Brabsons sons continued operating the plantation after his death, and established a business that catered to the ferrys traffic. As the Brabsons supported the Confederacy during the USA Civil War, their plantation was looted by Sevier County Unionists and toward the end of the war most members of the family were forced to flee. Several eventually returned, however, and by the end of the 19th century had rebuilt the plantation and ferry. The Brabson family still owns and manages the farm.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Brabsons Ferry Plantation is located at the confluence of Boyds Creek and the French Broad River in the Boyds Creek community a few miles northwest of Sevierville. State Highway 338 (Boyds Creek Highway, or Old Knoxville Highway) passes along the plantations southern boundary, and Indian Warpath Road traverses its western section. The Brabson Cemetery is located atop a steep hill with a sweeping view of the French Broad River on the north end of the plantation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Highway 338 follows what was once a stretch of the Great Indian Warpath, a trail used for centuries by Native Americans travelling up and down the Tennessee Valley. The ancient path crossed the French Broad River at a ford near the mouth of Boyds Creek. In 1780, John Sevier crossed at this ford to engage and defeat a Cherokee force at the Battle of Boyds Creek. In the early 1790s, an early pioneer named Andrew Evans established a ferry and a 250 acre farm at the Boyds Creek ford. John Brabson, who migrated to the area from Frederick County, Virginia, purchased the Evans farm and ferry in 1798.</p><br>
<p>Brabson continued acquiring land in the early 19th century. By the time of his death in 1848, he owned 5,000 acre, making him one of the largest landholders in East Tennessee. He was also one of the regions largest slaveholders, with 49 slaves, most of whom were split up among his children (Brabsons will emancipated only one elderly slave).</p><br>
<p>While most of Sevier County supported the Union during the USA Civil War (96% of the county voted against secession in 1861), the Brabsons supported the Confederacy. Benjamin Brabsons son, William, enlisted in the Confederate army, and in 1863 was captured by the Union Army while fighting near Muscle Shoals. Toward the end of the war, as Union forces re-gained control of East Tennessee, vengeful Sevier Countians began harassing and threatening the Brabsons. Most of the familys livestock were stolen, the plantation houses were looted, and family members were forced to flee. In an October 1865 letter, Benjamin Brabson&#39;s wife, Elizabeth (1821&ndash;1894), wrote, "they rocked my house so, burned my carriage, and fired my outbuildings, they also shot at me several times." Thomas Brabson and his wife moved to Knoxville, where there had been more sympathy for the Confederacy. Benjamin Brabson moved to Winchester, Tennessee, writing in 1865 that his future looked "dark." He died a few months later, and, according to his wishes, was buried in Winchester rather than the family cemetery in Boyds Creek.</p><br>
<p>After Benjamin Brabsons death, his family returned to Sevier County and began rebuilding the familys plantation, largely through the efforts of his son William (1842–1888). Benjamins son, John Brabson IV (1858&ndash;1943), assumed ownership of the plantation after his mothers death, and made several modifications to the Benjamin Brabson house. By 1900, Brabsons Ferry had again become a major center of local commerce. After the death of John Brabson IV, his son Benjamin Davis Brabson III (1905-1982) and his wife, Estalena Rogers Brabson (1912-1989), took over ownership and operation of the farm until Benjamins death in 1982. Estalena maintained an enthusiastic interest in genealogy and family history, and published several books, including: John Brabson I, Patriot of the American Revolution And Some of His Descendants (1975) which chronicles the origins of Brabsons Ferry Plantation. Estalena was responsible for placing Brabsons Ferry Plantation on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The farm is currently managed by Benjamin Brabson&#39;s great-grandson, Ben D. Brabson, Jr., and his wife, Elaine, and in 2008 was designated a Tennessee Pioneer Century farm. The Brabson farm produces beef cattle, wheat, oats, corn, hay, and soybeans.</p><br>
<h2>Historical structures</h2><br>
<p>Brabsons Ferry Plantation contains several notable antebellum structures, including both the Benjamin Brabson and Thomas Brabson houses, a late 18th-century plank house, a frame tannery building, a 19th-century barn, and a late 18th-century log cabin. The center of the farm, which contains the Benjamin Brabson house, plank house, and barn, is situated along a gravel driveway just off Indian Warpath Road. The Benjamin Brabson house once overlooked Brabsons Ferry along the French Broad River. The Thomas Brabson house overlooks the junction of Indian Warpath Road and Highway 338, where the Brabsons&#39; tannery, blacksmith shop, and storehouse once stood. Slave houses (no longer standing) were once located on the east side of Indian Warpath Road between Highway 338 and the gravel driveway, and at least one once stood between the Benjamin Brabson house and the river.</p><br>
<p>The Brabson plank house was built by either Andrew Evans or John Brabson sometime between 1790 and 1810. The plank house was constructed using an odd technique known as piece-sur-piece construction, which involves stacking horizontal planks and tying them in with vertical posts. In the 19th century, the plank house was moved from its original location and renovated for use as a carriage house. A large double-door was added to the front, and the chimney was removed.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Brabson house, built in 1854, is a two-story Federal-style house with a Greek Revival portico. A 1.5-story kitchen wing is attached to the rear of the house to create an "L" shape. Square doric columns grace the house&#39;s portico. The Benjamin Brabson house, built in 1856, was originally a Federal-style house similar to the Thomas Brabson house, although a Victorian porch and Queen Anne-style gable were added to the front of the house in the 1890s. Both houses contain most of their original design elements, including large post-and-lintel mantels and open "dog-leg" staircases.</p><br>
<p>The House Range is a north-south trending mountain range in Millard County, of west-central Utah. The House Range was named in 1859 by James H. Simpson. It was named by Simpson because "...of its well-defined stratification and the resemblance of portions of its outline to domes, minarets, houses, and other structures."</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The House Range is bounded by Tule Valley to the west, Whirlwind Valley and Sevier Desert to the east, and trends with the Fish Springs Range to the north. The range has three notable passes: Skull Rock Pass (which US Highway 6/US Highway 50 travels through), Marjum Canyon (which the old US Highway 6 travels through), and Sand Pass (which the Weiss Highway passes through).</p><br>
<p>The highest point in the House Range is Swasey Peak, at 9,669 ft. Other notable peaks include Notch Peak, a frequent climbing and base-jumping hotspot, and the very square Tatow Knob.</p><br>
<p>It is also known for one of the tallest limestone cliffs in the world, Notch Peak.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The geology of the House Range is dominated by gray Cambrian to Devonian carbonate rock which was intruded by a pink Jurassic granitoid in the central part of the range. In the Wheeler Amphitheater, away from the intrusion, the Lagerstätte that contains the well-preserved fauna is found in the Cambrian section of the range. Evidence of Lake Bonneville&#39;s presence is found both in shorelines and white marls at the base of the range. The main structural component to the range is a large basin-bounding fault on the west side.</p><br>
<h2>Fossils</h2><br>
<p>The range is known for a fossil Lagerstätte (Wheeler Shale) of Cambrian age, which has an array of Burgess Shale type fauna, including Elrathia kingii, a trilobite that is one of Utah&#39;s most famous fossils.</p><br>
<h3>Stratigraphy</h3><br>
<p>The Swasey Limestone was deposited in the Bathyuriscus&ndash;Elrathina zone (contemporaneous with the Burgess Shale). This is overlain in turn by the Bolaspidella zone (uppermost Middle Cambrian) Wheeler Shale and Marjum Formation, then the Cedaria zone (lowermost Upper Cambrian) Weeks Formation.</p><br>
<p>The Arenas Bridge is a truss bridge built in 1894 between the municipalities of Cayey and Cidra in Puerto Rico. Also known as Puente Rio La Plata, it was the longest bridge constructed in Puerto Rico during the Spanish colonial period. It crosses the Rio de la Plata, the longest river in Puerto Rico. According to the USA National Park Service, "his is the most important metal bridge in Puerto Rico from the period." The bridge is still standing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The bridge was built as "part of the Carretera Central, the first highway across the central mountains of Puerto Rico." The Carretera Central, a 134 kilometer highway between San Juan and the port of Ponce was largely completed by 1886, with temporary bridges in place at some crossings and 13 permanent bridges completed. The installation of the permanent Arenas Bridge in 1894 was near the completion of the Carretera in 1898.</p><br>
<p>Because of scarcity of iron in Puerto Rico, there were no metal fabricators in the country. Instead, bridges like this were fabricated overseas and shipped in parts to Puerto Rico. A Spanish government agent in Paris secured international bids, largely from French and Belgian firms, for bridges to be built in the overseas colonies of Spain. The Arenas Bridge itself was fabricated by Nicaise et Delcuve, a Belgian firm, and was shipped on the steamship Teutonia to Puerto Rico for assembly.</p><br>
<p>An alternative to a truss bridge would have been a suspension bridge design, which was a well-developed technology for long spans before the Arenas Bridge was built. However there were no truly long spans in Puerto Rico that would have absolutely required a suspension bridge in colonial times, as there are no particularly wide rivers or canyons, and chief engineer Manuel Sanchez-Nunez assessed that suspension bridges were unsuited to the tropical climate, even removing, a few years later, one that had been constructed in Caguas in 1857. As a result, suspension bridge technology was not widely employed in Puerto Rico. Even today it is believed that there are only three suspension bridges in the commonwealth, one being a modern pedestrian bridge in Bayamon.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was designed by Mariano Sichar. A steel truss bridge, it weighed 23,623 pounds and was contracted to be built for 56,221 pesos. Stone abutments to support the bridge were constructed under supervision of José Roque-Paniagua; engineer Julio Larrinaga oversaw assembly of the bridge.</p><br>
<p>It brings what is now Puerto Rico Route 735 over Rio de la Plata between Barrio Monte Llano and Barrio Arenas. It is between the municipalities of Cayey and Cidra.</p><br>
<p>In the Spanish–American War, American forces moved from south to north over the Carretara Central. Another Carretera bridge was demolished by the Spanish to delay the American advance, but not Arenas Bridge.</p><br>
<p>The Jefferson County Jail is a historic structure in central Louisville, Kentucky, United States. Built in 1905 in the Chicago style of architecture, it was designed by D.X. Murphy & Bros.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, the jail was converted into an office complex. Among its tenants are the offices of the Commonwealth&#39;s Attorney, the office of the Circuit Court Clerk, and the Jefferson County Public Law Library. While prisoners are no longer held in the jail, it is still significant as a leading example of public-works architecture. Its structure has been admired by many leading architects, including the renowned Finnish-American Eero Saarinen. In 1973, the jail was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance.</p><br>
<p>Rincón de la Vieja  is an active andesitic complex volcano in north-western Costa Rica, about 23 km from Liberia, in the province of Guanacaste. Its name means "The Old Woman&#39;s Corner", a reference to a local legend about a girl whose lover was thrown into the crater by her father; she became a recluse living on the mountain, and was credited with powers of healing.</p><br>
<p>Rincón de la Vieja stands 1,916 m above sea level, and its summit is the highest point in Rincón de la Vieja Volcano National Park. It erupted most recently in September 2011. The volcano has a large number of fumaroles and hot springs on its slopes. It is formed by felsic lava.</p><br>
<p>Rincón de la Vieja is one of six active Costa Rican volcanoes: the others are Poás, Irazú, Miravalles, Arenal, and Turrialba.</p><br>
<p>As of 2017, only Rincon de la vieja and Poas are considered active.</p><br>
<h2>Geothermal energy</h2><br>
<p>There are a large number of hot pools and areas of bubbling mud in two areas on the slopes of the volcano, indicating substantial reserves of geothermal energy. Investigations have been carried out into the feasibility of tapping these reserves, and the volcano is estimated to have a generating potential of 140 megawatts. However, as the area is protected within a national park, drilling was limited to test wells until 2001.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, the extension of the Las Pailas Geothermal Power Plant to 55 megawatt, financed in part by a credit from the European Investment Bank, was started.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The Rincón de la Vieja Volcano is set within the Rincón de la Vieja National Park, which spans over 34,000 acres (12,759 ha) and helps protect both montane forests and dwarf cloud forests. Trails extend from the Santa Maria ranger station and wind through the park, passing hot springs and waterfalls along the way. Mammals within the park include sloths, tapirs, kinkajous, pumas, jaguar, and both howler and spider monkeys.</p><br>
<p>Previously, hikers could climb to the crater and guides experienced in wildlife, birdwatching, geology and other interests are available.</p><br>
<p>As of September 22, 2011, access to the crater is no longer available due to the eruption of September 16 where volcanic ash and mud rose over 120 feet from the regular crater lagoon.</p><br>
<p>Several lodges, resorts and hotels in the area offer hiking, forest canopy tours, horseback riding, river-rafting, all-terrain-vehicle riding and wall-climbing.</p><br>
<h2>Activity</h2><br>
<p>On May 23, 2017 and June 11, 2017, eruptions occurred and lahars flowed through nearby rivers.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas D. Campbell House is a historic Gothic Revival style log and wood frame home located in Grand Forks, North Dakota. It is significant for its association with Thomas D. Campbell, who became the largest wheat farmer in the United States. It is part of the Myra Museum and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1879 for Thomas D. Campbell, the house consists of the original 1879 log cabin enclosed within a later Gothic Revival wood frame addition, which is dated to ca. 1881-1900, with an overall L-shaped floor plan. The home has gabled roofs and clapboard siding. The main facade and south gables are distinguished by lace bargeboards, and the west gable contains a pointed window. A porch extends across the west facade and is supported by turned posts and bentwood arches. It is the only building remaining from the Campbell family&#39;s pioneer farmstead.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house serves as a museum, and is fitted out with turn of the 20th century furnishings befitting a family residence. The chinked log walls and hand-hewn loft joists of the original 1879 log cabin are exposed from within.</p><br>
<p>At the time of its construction the Campbell house was south of the tiny settlement of Grand Forks; it was one of a string of pioneer homes along the Red River, with no other buildings in its immediate area. Associated with the First Dakota Boom and the pre-railroad (pre-1880) era, it is a significant example of the architecture of this period. Log structures were popular at this time due to the expense of hauling cut lumber up the river from the railhead in Fargo. The practiced of constructing a fairly simple log home, to be supplanted or engulfed later on by a more substantial structure, appears to have been fairly common to the area at this time. The house is notable for being the only Gothic Revival farmhouse in Grand Forks and one of only a few houses of this style in North Dakota&#39;s Red River Valley region, and at the time of its enlargement was one of the finer homes in the area.</p><br>
<h2>The Campbell family</h2><br>
<p>Thomas D. and Almira Richards Campbell, immigrants from Scotland and Canada, began their lives in the Red River Valley with a small farm. This grew to include 4,000 acre of excellent crop land by 1898. By the turn of the 20th century Mr. Campbell had become a prominent real estate man in the city.</p><br>
<p>The log portion of the home was the birthplace of General Thomas D. Campbell (1882–1966), who was known as the "Wheat King" and owned large tracts of land in Montana and New Mexico. Gen. Campbell was at one time the nation&#39;s largest wheat producer, and served in both World War I and World War II. During the latter he developed a napalm firebomb used widely in the Pacific Theater.</p><br>
<p>The Reid-Jones-Carpenter House, located at 2249 Walton Way, Augusta, Richmond County, Georgia, constructed in 1849, is a single story wood frame building on raised basement of stuccoed brick. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 13, 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house features an entrance portico supported by fluted Corinthian-inspired columns based at ground level and reached by a long stairway. The porch is enclosed by a balustrade. Windows flanking the portico have wrought iron ledges. Formerly known as “Montrose”, the home is now the Alan Fuqua Center for young people, associated with the Reid Memorial Presbyterian Church. In the mid-1900s, it was the home of Charles Colcock Jones Carpenter, son of the Rev. Samuel B. Carpenter and Ruth (Jones) Carpenter, and grandson of Charles Colcock Jones, Jr., distinguished lawyer, author, and historian.</p><br>
<p>Friars&#39; Carse is a mansion house and estate situated  2 km southeast of Auldgirth on the main road  to Dumfries, Parish of Dunscore, Scotland. The property is located on the west bank of the River Nith and is known for its strong associations with Robert Burns who lived for a while at the nearby Ellisland farm. The mansion house is unlisted, however the stables and hermitage are Category B listed buildings.</p><br>
<h2>The house and policies</h2><br>
<p>The present mansion house hotel is of a baronial style in dressed red sandstone, constructed around an earlier house in 1873 by the architects Barbour and Bowie and extended by the same architects 1905 – 09. The principal (south-east) range has a complex wide faced frontage and incorporates a peculiar round tower with a rectangular second stage corbelled out above. An armorial panel dated 1598 was built into the entrance tower range in 1909. The house has a fine panelled entrance hall and snooker room, together with an elegant staircase and 21 en suite bedrooms; it is placed within 18.2 ha (45 acres) of parkland and woodland.</p><br>
<p>The name Friars Carse derives from a monastic settlement which was established nearby by the Cistercian monks of Melrose in the 13th century. Carse Loch is located nearby and was once used as the monastic fish pond and its crannog was used as a hiding place for valuables durings times of war or raids. The present punctuation convention for Friars Carse, with or without the apostrophe, is at variance with the older convention of Friars Carse; the Carse of the Friars.</p><br>
<p>By the 16th century, there was a tower here, with a cap-house surrounded by a prominent parapet (see engraving). In the 17th and 18th centuries, this was extended to include lodgings with crow-stepped gables, enclosed within a courtyard. In 1771 Robert Riddell pulled down the old and ruinous buildings to create room for a new mansion. Frances Grose recorded that on his visit in 1789 the monks&#39; refectory still stood with walls eight foot thick and a twelve foot wide fireplace.</p><br>
<p>These estate buildings date mostly from the early 19th century, however the principal (south east) range side was re-modelled circa 1873, with a tall 2-stage tower built above. the Stables consist of four single storey ranges built around a quadrangular court. The pend beneath the tower is placed centrally and a gabled dovecot or doocot is present.</p><br>
<h3>The Riddells</h3><br>
<p>In the 17th century William Riddell, son of a Nova Scotia baronet, from Roxburghshire purchased the lands of Friars&#39; Carse. The older buildings were replaced by a more modest Georgian mansion, known as Glenriddell, built 1771–73 for Robert Riddell or Riddel, a friend and patron of the poet Robert Burns (1759–96).</p><br>
<p>McKay records that Walter Riddell of Newhouse, grandfather of Robert, married his cousin Anne and through her inherited the estate of Glenriddell that her family had held since not long after the reformation and the concurrent secularisation of the lands held by Melrose Abbey.</p><br>
<p>On Robert Riddells death in 1794, his widow could have allowed the property to go to Walter Riddell, her brother in law, who, under the terms of his brothers will, would then merely have had to pay her an annuity to retain the estate. Roberts widow disliked Walter Riddell to such an extent that she refused to exercise this option and the property was sold, passing out of the familys hands. Walter was wealthy in his own right, having made his fortune overseas; he had married the poet Maria Banks Woodley in Antigua, naming his new estate in her honour.</p><br>
<h3>Dr James Crichton</h3><br>
<p>A Captain Smith was the purchaser of Glenriddell and he in turn sold the estate on to Provost John Crichton of Sanquhar, brother of John Crichton, who purchased it on his behalf</p><br>
<h3>The Nelsons</h3><br>
<p>Elizabeth Grierson of Lag, Dr Crichtons widow, sold the estate to Mr Thomas Nelson of Carlisle, said to have been an engineer working on the construction of the Forth Rail Bridge. Nelson added to the mansion house considerably, although he preserved the most interesting part of the old building, such as the Whistle room and added masonic emblems to the hermitage building (see below) in recognition of Robert Burns interest in the craft. The two lead-light windows in the Main Hall show an anchor and chains that may commemorate his link with the Forth Rail Bridge.</p><br>
<h3>The Crichton Royal Institution</h3><br>
<p>In 1895, the trustees of the Crichton Royal Institution became proprietors of Friars Carse and 473 acres of estate policies, etc. The mansion became a convalescent home in connection with the treatment of the insane. Non-paying paupers&#39; were also accommodated and were used as servants. The directors of the Crichton Royal Institution sold the property in 1908 for £21,150.</p><br>
<h3>The Post Office Fellowship of Remembrance</h3><br>
<p>After a spell of ownership by Mr Charles Wedderburn Dickson, who extended the mansion still further, his widow sold the estate to Bryn Asaph Ltd., a Post Office staff organisation, and it became a convalescent and holiday guest home as a memorial to the men and women of the Post Office who died in the two world wars. The Post Office Fellowship of Remembrance (POFR Ltd.) still owns the estate today (2012).</p><br>
<h3>Ancient history</h3><br>
<p>It is recorded that the lands of Carse were given by Affrica, a daughter of Edgar, to Melrose Abbey in around 1215. Edgar was a son of Dunevald and grandson of Dunegal of Stranith. Edgar had possessed the lands under William the Lion. A Monastic grange of the Cistercian monks may have existed nearby as indicated by the name Grange Mill. Abbot Andrew feued out the abbey&#39;s lands in 1536, granting the £4 lands of Freirkers and its Grange Mill, together with the restricted multures of the £36 lands of Dalgonar, and other lands to John Kirkpatrick of Ellisland.</p><br>
<p>At the reformation the commendator granted the property to the Laird of Elliesland or Allisland (sic), a cadet branch of the Kirkpatricks of Closeburn. The Kirkpatricks built a tower house of Freerscarss here as recorded by Timothy Pont on his map of Nithsdale circa 1595. Francis Grose noted that when demolished in 1773 to make way for the mansion house, the old refectory walls were measured at 8 feet thick and the fireplace 12 feet wide.</p><br>
<p>Near the house was the loch or Lough (sic), the fish-pond of the friars. In the middle of this loch was an artificial island, a crannog, built from large oak piles and planks; the hiding place of the friar&#39;s valuables upon occasions of the not infrequent intrusions by the English into Strathnith. A dugout canoe and other finds were made when the loch was drained.</p><br>
<p>Friars Carse had been held by the Stirlings for a time in the early 17th century and this line ended with Jean Stirling, an heiress who married John Maxwell of Templand and it was from this line that the Riddells purchased the property in 1737. Prior to 1647 a merchant, John Irving, had acquired Friars Carse</p><br>
<p>Friars Carse passed from the Kirkpatricks to the Maxwells of Tynwald in 1634, and from them to a cadet branch of the Lords of Maxwell, the Barncleugh family. The Riddells of Glenriddell obtained the estate from the Barncleughs in 1784.</p><br>
<p>A ninth or tenth century cross stands on a modern base in the grounds (see below) and is the only remaining example surviving from a collection of several stones, put together by Captain Robert Riddell, and once placed along the driveway to the house; one or more may have been at the site originally. Francis Grose recorded that stones from nearby Lag and Morton Castles were in the collection at one time; the Lag stone cut with the letters I. G. and the arms of the Grierson family, namely three cushions, in the centre of a mullet. Robert Riddell went so far as to construct an imitation Bronze Age circle of weathered stones. This bogus stone circle of 38 stones, all standing except three, one of which is in the centre and one just west of the circle; the site was named Templewood.</p><br>
<p>The lands of Carse once belonged in the 14th century to the Red Comyn and upon his murder eventually passed to King Robert the Bruce.</p><br>
<p>To the north of Friars&#39; Carse is a site reputed to have been an encampment built by the Roman general Agricola.</p><br>
<h3>Cultural history</h3><br>
<p>Robert Burns lived at the nearby Ellisland Farm from 1788 to 1791. Burns was probably introduced to Captain Robert Riddell and his wife, Elizabeth Kennedy of Manchester, by Patrick Miller of Dalswinton, his friend and landlord. In September 1788 he composed The Day Returns as a compliment to Riddell and his wife, commenting that At their fire-side I have enjoyed more pleasant evenings than at all the houses of fashionable people in this country put together. Robert had fought in the American War and was an accomplished musical composer and musician as well as an antiquarian.</p><br>
<p>In April 1791 Burns completed a collection of his poems for Robert Riddell&#39;s library and these have become known as the Glenriddell Manuscripts. These were later returned to Burns.</p><br>
<p>Burns visited Wanlockhead in January 1792 to explore the lead mines. He was accompanied by Maria Riddell, Robert Riddell&#39;s sister. They breakfasted at Sanquhar and then took a poste-chaise to the mines. They went a considerable distance into the mines, braving the dark, wet and cramped conditions at first, however they had to turn back as Burns found the poor air very distressing. Burns did not record this visit, however Maria included the details in a letter.</p><br>
<p>Robert Riddell set up the Monkland Friendly Society at Dunscore together with Robert Burns and helped to organise and censor its library of 150 volumes. Riddell was the President and Burns was the secretary of the society that met on every fourth Saturday. Wanlockhead and Leadhills also had libraries at this time, set up and run through the subscriptions of members.</p><br>
<p>Burns refers to Riddell&#39;s coin collecting in the Election Ballad of 1790: –</p><br>
<p>Robert Riddell discovered a gold ring weighing 1 oz. and set with a pale blue stone near Friars&#39; Carse in May 1791.</p><br>
<p>In December 1783 Burnss friendship with the Riddells ended following a drunken incident at Friars Carse known as the Rape of the Sabines; a raid against the ladies which was too realistic and exubarent for good taste. He was ordered off the premises and Elizabeth Riddell never forgave Burns. Robert Riddell died at the age of 39, before any chance of a healing of friendships was possible. Walter and Maria Riddell moved to London upon Robert&#39;s death and when she returned, to Tinwald House near Dumfries, she eventually forgave Burns for his indiscretion.</p><br>
<p>News of this dissolute and dissipated affair seems to have reached the ears of his Excise superiors in Edinburgh and harmed his reputation.</p><br>
<h4>Annie Laurie</h4><br>
<p>Alexander Fergusson of Craigdarroch married Bonnie Anna Laurie or Annie Laurie in 1710, daughter of Sir Robert Laurie, Bt., of Maxwelton, the Annie Laurie of the song. Although she lived at Craigdarroch for over 50 years, she died at Friars&#39; Carse on 5 April 1764, aged 81. The whereabouts of her grave is unknown, however she may have been buried at Craigdarroch. She was a grand-aunt of Robert Riddell and had been born at Maxwellton House, situated a few miles away near Moniaive.</p><br>
<h4>Francis Grose</h4><br>
<p>The well known antiquary, artist and author, Francis Grose, stayed at Friars Carse for a few months whilst visiting sites in the area such as Lag Castle for inclusion in his book, The Antiquities of Scotland, published in 1797. Grose struck up a strong friendship with Robert Burns and this artistic collaboration resulted in Burns composing Tam oShanter. Fine, fat, fodgel Grose was how Burns described his rotund friend.</p><br>
<h4>The Whistle and the drinking contests</h4><br>
<p>On Friday, 16 October 1789 (1790) at Friars&#39; Carse, Robert Burns was present at a famous drinking contest where three lairds set out to see who could be the last man able to blow an ebony whistle inherited by Robert Riddell. This was a repeat of previous contests in which the winner was to have the old ebony Whistle as the trophy; the event was immortalised in the poem The Whistle.</p><br>
<p>The winner was able to consume over eight bottles of claret (others say five or six). Alexander Fergusson of Craigdarroch was the winner, being able to still stand and blow the whistle; Sir Robert Laurie of Maxwellton collapsed on the floor; and Robert Riddell retired and went to his bed. The Duke of Buccleuch&#39;s chamberlain, McMurdo of Drumlanrig was the judge at the event, with two other neighbours acting as witnesses.</p><br>
<p>Some references say that the ebony whistle had been brought over from Denmark by a courtier in the service of Queen Anne&#39;s husband, Prince George of Denmark. Confusion has arisen as the first drinking contest had been won in a competition by a previous Sir Robert Laurie and the original owner of the whistle, a courtier in the train of Anne of Denmark, wife of King James IV of Scotland; in a second contest his son, Walter, lost the whistle to Walter Riddell, an ancestor of Robert Riddell.</p><br>
<p>Groome records that the ebony whistle became the centre of drinking contests through the habit of the original Danish owner, a man of gigantic stature who would challenge all comers, the last person able to blow the ebony whistle being the winner. Sir Robert Laurie took on the massive Scandinavian and in a contest that lasted three days and three nights left the courtier beneath the table, and claimed the whistle.</p><br>
<p>Allan Cunningham relates that The Bard himself, who drank bottle and bottle about, seemed quite disposed to take up the conqueror when the day dawned, however the veracity of this account is strongly disputed by more reliable biographers.</p><br>
<p>Burns borrowed, with permission, the ebony whistle a few days after the contest to show to friends at Mauchline and he also organised a second drinking contest at Sanquhars New Inn involving himself, Edward Whigham, John King, and William Johnston. The participants partook of whisky toddy served in a punch-bowl. It is not recorded who was the victor on this occasion, however the judge was John, son of Edward Whigham. Joseph Train also records this story and adds that the whistle had been partly renewed since it was won from Anne of Denmarks courtier and that it was usually accompanied by a large highly mounted Scandinavian drinking horn - Burns had borrowed both.</p><br>
<h2>The Laugh Moor Burial Stone</h2><br>
<p>Situated on the old putting green is the only remaining cross from Captain Riddell&#39;s collection, which also included a 5th-century cross and font, sundials, and later baptismal fonts, all now located at the Dumfries Museum. The Laugh Moor cross is thought to have originally been a village cross, dating from the 9th century and from Castle Morton. It was of a Celtic Cross style, however the ring and arms have been broken off. The cross was re-used as a horizontal gravestone and the pair of shears on one side may indicate that the gender of the person was female.</p><br>
<p>The square sandstone base is not contemporary with the old cross; it bears a carved cross and the words Laugh Moor on the front face. The top face of this square base stone carries the words "Ora Pro Anima Comerchie De Laugh", translating as "Pray for the soul of De Laugh foully murdered." When Robert Riddell found the cross it was in use as a gate post, as shown by the niche cut into the back of the stone.</p><br>
<h2>The Hermitage</h2><br>
<p>Captain Robert Riddell of Glenriddel had built a small summer house, an "ivied cot" called the Hermitage in a secluded part of the estate (NX 92589 84519), just a few fields away from Ellisland. Burns often used the building in this idyllic setting for writing poetry, having been given the key to the gate set in the Ellisland march-dyke and apparently also enjoying drinking sessions with Robert Riddell.</p><br>
<p>On Riddells death at the age of only 39, the Hermitage was allowed to quietly decay; by 1803 it was being used by stray stock and in 1810 it was reported by Cromek as being derelict and he expressed his shock that the site was not being maintained under Captain Smiths ownership of the estate, for the floor was covered in straw, cattle had broken down the trees and the pane of glass had gone. It measured 10.5 feet by eight and had a single window and fireplace. In around 1870 William Douglas recorded that the only part of the building still standing was part of the east gable. Over the lintel was cut the name BURNS in bold letters.</p><br>
<p>Although the original building no longer exists, Mr Nelson of Friars Carse built another Hermitage, of a different design, on the same site in 1874. The British Listed Building register sees it as a re-surfaced&#39; building of circa 1790. Adamson visited it in 1879 and records that it contained the rigid form of a monk, with shaven crown, chipped nose, and folded hands, lying on its back at the entrance. The building otherwise only contained a chair and a small table. The building was recently (2009) restored again and now has an interpretation board detailing its history and a trail guide indicates its location.</p><br>
<p>Burns had written the lines on the Hermitage window to the memory of Robert Riddell:</p><br>
<p>The original was preserved and is now in the Ellisland Farm museum, having been removed by a new owner of the property and in time coming up for sale at the death of an old lady in 1835 and being purchased for five guineas. The new buildings window had the same lines inscribed upon it, however they are now in the mansion house and the Hermitages windows have no inscription. Friars&#39; Carse at one time held the original Burns manuscripts The Whistle and Lines Written in the Hermitage.</p><br>
<p>The second window of the 1874 building had the following verse inscribed upon it.</p><br>
<p>A watercolour of the original Hermitage shows it situated close to the River Nith and therefore some distance from the present day building.</p><br>
<h2>The River Nith</h2><br>
<p>The course of the River Nith runs close to the Friars Carse mansion house and the fishing beat here consists of 2300 metres of right bank fishing with a mixture of pools providing fishing with fly, spinning or worming for salmon, sea trout and greyling.</p><br>
<p>The riverbank is lined with woodlands and a particular feature are the ancient and large oaks, mostly pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) and associated fungi of ancient oaks, such as the beefsteak fungus (Fistulina hepatica). Some notable old syscamores or celtic maples (Acer pseudoplatanus) are also present.</p><br>
<h2>Friars Carse Country House Hotel</h2><br>
<p>The old mansion house has operated as a country house hotel since 1938, set in 45 acres of woodland and pastures. Two estate cottages at the old stable block have been converted for use by visitors. It has the only beat on the River Nith which offers fishing and accommodation.</p><br>
<h2>Micro-history</h2><br>
<p>An old summer house is marked on the 1855 Os map, together with the suggested site of a monastery being at the putting green area. An Oak Knowe is marked near the stables. A Deadman&#39;s Hole is recorded on the other side of the River Nith from the mansion house. Black Pool is recorded on the river, upstream of the hotel. Brandyburn Farm is located on the other bank of the Nith, the name often being associated with smuggling and the hiding of illicit spirits. A statue and seat are shown at the start of the path to the Hermitage. A small lochan is shown at Penflowing Bridge near Carse Mains.</p><br>
<p>A mill was located on the Mains Burn at Carse Mains as shown on the 1855 OS map.</p><br>
<p>The Princess Sweet Shop is a historic building located in Iowa Falls, Iowa, United States. It is noted as "an outstanding example of Art Deco design from 1935. The Carrara Glass façade, and streamlined woodwork are typical of Art Deco design of the 1920s and 1930s, but a rarity in a small town in Iowa." E.J. Karrys opened the Princess in 1915, and the Sweet Shop opened by H.K. Pergakis two years later. Both Karrys and Pergakis were Greek immigrants, a group who were known to establish candy shop around the USA They combined their operations at the Princess location in 1928. The building was destroyed in a fire on December 25, 1934. Local architect L.L. Klippel designed the new building, which was completed in 1935. It was the first building in Iowa Falls that was air conditioned. Members of the Perkagis maintained ownership until 1987. The business is still in operation as a soda fountain under different ownership.</p><br>
<p>The building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. It was included as a contributing property in the Washington Avenue Commercial Historic District in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Stallings-Carpenter House, located on State Road 1713 north of Clayton, Johnston County, North Carolina, was constructed in 1845 by James and Elizabeth  Stallings in the Greek Revival style. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 28 Mar 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to information provided for a historic driving tour, in the early 19th century the land was owned by Moses Mordecai, a prominent Raleigh lawyer and landowner in Wake and Johnston counties. Before he died, he willed the property to his daughter Ellen, who could take ownership of the land at age 21, but only if she was married. At age 21 she was still unmarried, so the property was sold in 1850 to newlyweds James Stallings and Elizabeth Jones, who built the present house and operated the farm. By 1860 the Stallings owned 1,200 acre, on which they raised livestock and grew corn, peas, beans, oats, and sweet potatoes. The town of Stallings Station, present-day Clayton, was named for James Stallings. In 1904, the property was sold to Ashley Horne, a state legislator, co-founder of NC College of Agricultural and Mechanical Arts (now North Carolina State University), and unsuccessful candidate for governor. Horne did not live at Bend of the River but rented it and leased the timber rights. Several owners later, the house was restored and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The land around the house was still in agricultural and timber use in 2008, but the 1,200 acre have been subdivided.</p><br>
<p>The West Side Historic District is a residential area of Saratoga Springs, New York, United States, located west of its downtown section. It is a 122 acre area extending from the blocks west of Broadway to extensions along Church  and Washington  streets. The former Franklin Square Historic District is included in its entirety.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhoods of the district are characterized by modest, intact 19th-century houses in vernacular 19th-century architectural styles. Its development was shaped first by the divisions of the original land grant, and then by the construction of railroads into the community. During the city&#39;s peak years as a resort in the later 19th century, the West Side housed its working class. In 1994 it was recognized as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Two of the almost 600 properties within it, a house and a cemetery, are listed on the Register in their own right.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Within Saratoga Springs, the West Side is generally taken to mean the area from Broadway on the east to the citys western boundary, between Greenfield Avenue on the north and West Circular Street on the south, including Skidmore College and Saratoga Hospital. The historic districts boundaries are more elaborate and include a small portion of that area, reflecting the areas where historic buildings, mostly houses, have remained intact.</p><br>
<h3>Boundary</h3><br>
<p>On the east the district boundary is generally Woodlawn Avenue or lot lines along it between Walton Street and Greenfield. From there it turns west to exclude some newer construction but then follows Woodlawn and its axis south to Washington Street. At Franklin Square it turns south to follow Grand Street west, sometimes including houses on the south side, as far west as a few houses on the north side just west of Birch Street.</p><br>
<p>It follows Birch up to the rear lines of the north side of Washington to Marvin Alley, where it turns north. At Division it turns west, then follows some rear lines along West Harrison Street. Remaining along lot lines, it skirts newer construction at the Church-West Harrison intersection, then follows the rear lines along the south side of Church almost to Myrtle Street, just south of the hospital.</p><br>
<p>After following Church back eastward, it goes up Seward, Pearl and Van Dorn streets to some houses on the west side of Skidmore, then down their rear lines to Pine Alley. After a short eastward section it takes in all the houses on either side of Waterbury Street south of the college and a few on Lawrence Street just north of Waterbury. It returns to Pine Alley in the middle of the block to the east, then follows rear lines along the west of State Street to its northernmost point at Greenfield. From there it follows that street back to Woodlawn.</p><br>
<h3>Character</h3><br>
<p>Within this boundary there are 500 buildings, mostly wood frame houses, considered of sufficient integrity and age to be contributing properties to the district. An additional 18 sites of former houses are also considered contributing. Another site, and 57 other buildings, are non-contributing.</p><br>
<p>Most of the houses are located on narrow lots, not more than 60 ft wide by 100 ft deep, typical of 19th-century development. There are a few more urban areas along Woodlawn, with a mix of uses including commercial and residential.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The development of the West Side was forged in the early years by divisions and subdivisions of the land, which created lot lines still followed by streets today. Later on, the railroad created a clear social dividing line which made the West Side the village&#39;s working-class neighborhood. The resort era also impacted the district on its fringes.</p><br>
<h3>1768–1813: Land subdivision</h3><br>
<p>The West Sides evolution began late in the colonial era, when the Kayaderosseras Patent was subdivided. The patent was originally granted to Robert Livingston and David Schuyler in 1708, but could not be sold or subdivided for 60 years because of a dispute over the Indian deed. When it was, Lot 12 of the patents 16th General Allotment, where most of the present-day city of Saratoga Springs is located, was assigned to the heirs of Rip Van Dam, one of the original proprietors.</p><br>
<p>Van Dam&#39;s heirs sold to Isaac Low, Jacob Walton and Anthony Van Dam, with all three receiving a piece of the land on which High Rock Spring, then the most valuable aspect of the property, sat. Low was a Loyalist during the subsequent Revolution, and his third was confiscated and sold in 1779. Ultimately these divisions and subdivisions of land would influence lot and street placement within the city and the district.</p><br>
<p>Walton&#39;s son Henry built himself a country seat, called Wood Lawn, on his lands, presently where Skidmore is situated. He eventually purchased enough other land that he came to own Flat Rock Spring and developed it for tourism. He soon got competition when Gideon Putnam acquired Congress Spring to the south (in what is now Congress Park) and began developing hotels there. Both men were also acquiring land to the west of the springs and making lots available. A map Walton published in 1813 is the first in the city to show Church and New streets; it is also the first on which the name Van Dam Street appears.</p><br>
<h3>1833–1907: Railroads and resorts</h3><br>
<p>Both Walton and Putnams son Rockwell were among the founders of the Saratoga and Schenectady Railroad, which opened a line into the village in 1833. The tracks were routed west of Broadway, along New Street, past a station at Division Street, and finally crossed Broadway at Van Dam. They are no longer extant, but their presence shaped the development of the district as well. It gave the neighborhood a center, triggered growth two or three blocks deeper than had previously been taking place and gave the West Side its identity as the less genteel workingmans side of town (the local gentry settled in the East Side).</p><br>
<p>By the middle of the century, all the land four blocks west of Broadway had been built out, and subdivisions were being carved out of the farmland west of Franklin and Walworth streets. The station&#39;s presence at Division and Franklin had created Franklin Square (originally Marvin Square), the only upscale neighborhood on the West Side, with large Greek Revival homes. Just to its west was a poorer neighborhood, originally home to Irish immigrants (later Italians) who arrived via the Adirondack Railway (by then routed along Franklin), giving it the name Dublin, which it still has.</p><br>
<p>In 1879 Henry Hilton acquired Woodlawn from Waltons heirs (supposedly having raised the money by defrauding the estate of Alexander Turney Stewart) and expanded it lavishly, adding around 600 acre. This occurred during Saratoga Springs peak years as a resort and triggered the construction of lavish vacation homes in the northern reaches of the West Side, abutting the estate. The city&#39;s population more than tripled in the three decades between 1850 and 1880. Most of those new inhabitants settled on the West Side.</p><br>
<p>Saratoga Springs peak years ended in 1907, when gambling was outlawed. The casino became city property four years later and its land became Congress Park in 1915. Later in the 20th century, urban renewal projects demolished some of the older, neglected buildings in the corridor where the railroad tracks had been. Some of the Woodlawn property became a senior citizens housing complex with high rises, and Skidmore moved into the land at the north end in 1976.</p><br>
<h3>Today</h3><br>
<p>Like the citys other historic districts, its historic character is preserved by the citys Design Review Commission, a seven-member body appointed by the mayor to staggered three-year terms. It reviews any proposed signage and exterior changes to any building in any of the city&#39;s historic districts.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Amid the overwhelmingly residential character of the district, there are a number of different house types reflecting difference in social status of the builder or original owner. Frame predominates as a building material because of the proximity of the Adirondack forests to Saratoga Springs; architecturally the district reflects the vernacular styles found in that region.</p><br>
<p>The form of the houses was also constrained by the narrow lots, resulting in buildings much deeper than they were wide. Even some of the bungalows built in the mid-20th century on vacant or redeveloped lots within the district were positioned so that the side gable faced the street, with the main entrance likewise located on the side of the lot. In a few cases, two lots were consolidated to build a house with a wide front.</p><br>
<p>The most upscale residences are the townhouses found on Franklin Square, Church and Woodlawn streets and portions of Clinton and Van Dam streets. Usually two stories tall, they show the greatest attention to the forms of popular contemporary styles and the most elaborate ornamentation, sometimes including surfaces of brick or stone in sections. They often have a generous setback from the street and a porch, sometimes wrapping around the side.</p><br>
<p>The majority of the district&#39;s housing is a type referred to as village residences. These were home to the middle class population which settled the district. They are often one to two stories, located on smaller lots and more restrained in their architecture, with most taking the form of a front-facing gable with inline ells on telescoping on the rear. Most have porches, like the townhouses, yet minimally decorated. A few have side gable wings with some later ones having cross-gabled rears. In the 20th century, many were resided with modern materials like vinyl and aluminum.</p><br>
<p>Workers&#39; cottages were even smaller and plainer than the village residences, but otherwise similar in form. A few are more than two stories in height; most are one. They have porches but almost no decoration, with rear additions primarily small and service-related. Most use cheaper novelty siding instead of clapboard. They are found in the areas of the district with the smallest and densest lots, primarily the south side of Van Dam between Church and Woodlawn and the northern end of State Street.</p><br>
<p>Two-family houses were village residences either originally built or later modified to house an owner and tenant. They are generally similar to that form, except for some turn-of-the-century designs where architects took advantage of the larger size to scale the form up. Some were divided vertically to look like two row houses. They are usually two stories in height, taking up most of the larger lots they occupy, leaving little room for yards.</p><br>
<p>Higher-density rental housing took the form of tenements, large three-story flat-roofed buildings that contain more than two units. They were usually owned by an absentee landlord. Most are on back streets, like Russell or Waterbury streets, and unornamented. A slightly more stylish example from later in the district&#39;s development can be found at 190–94 Grand Street.</p><br>
<p>Some houses had outbuildings which are also included as contributing properties. Most are stables or carriage houses later converted to garages. These were usually utilitarian gabled sheds with a bay for a single horse and wagon (the exception being those that served the upscale homes of Franklin Square). A few later ones were built for automobiles. Their main impact on the district was the creation of the alleys in mid-block, later expanded into streets in their own right.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>The West Side Historic District was preceded by another, smaller district. Two properties within that district were later separately listed on the National Register, and there are some other notable properties within the current district.</p><br>
<p>Franklin Square. Added to the Register in 1972 as the city&#39;s first historic district, it contains 87 properties in its 30 acre. Most are upscale mid-19th century residences and outbuildings taking advantage of the proximity of the railroad station, newly built at the time.</p><br>
<p>Hiram Charles Todd House, 4 Franklin Square. This ornate Greek Revival house on Franklin Square, one of the city&#39;s first listings on the Register, was probably built around 1837. It takes its name from Todd, a prominent lawyer and jurist descended from the original owners, who lived there in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Holmes Block, 102–08 Woodlawn Avenue. This group of four rowhouses was built over the two decades after the Civil War in the Second Empire style, with mansard roofs and dormer windows. They retain their original marble flooring at the entrances.</p><br>
<p>Tenement at 190–94 Grand Avenue. This 1896 group of three two-unit attached houses was designed by R. Newton Brezee, known for his grand houses elsewhere in town. It features more decoration than other tenements in the district, such as bracketed cornices.</p><br>
<p>Twitchell Island is an island in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta in Sacramento County, California, 35 km southwest of Sacramento. At 2 m below sea level, the 1,200 hectare is bounded on the north by Seven Mile Slough, on the east and south by the San Joaquin River, and on the west by Three Mile Slough. The island is entirely within the Rio Vista Gas Field, although well pads and associated infrastructure make up only a small part of its land use.</p><br>
<p>Twitchell is eighty-five percent owned by the State of California.</p><br>
<p>Twitchell Island is the site of an experiment being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey to study whether growing tules and cattails on the sinking islands of the Sacramento Delta can reverse the soil loss caused by wind, rain and farming. The soil under the 15 acre site has risen 1 to 2 ft since the project started in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The plants not only help rebuild the level of the soil, but sequester quite a bit of carbon as well. It is believed that farmers in the delta might be able to make money with so-called "carbon-capture" farming by planting tules and cattails rather than row crops and get paid by companies who need to meet state greenhouse gas limits.</p><br>
<p>Marsh Concrete Rainbow Arch Bridge is a reinforced concrete through arch bridge over the Little Cottonwood River in Cambria Township, Blue Earth County, Minnesota. The bridge is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The bridge no longer carries traffic, which has since been shifted to another bridge to the east.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was designed by James Barney Marsh and built in 1911, the same year in which he filed a patent for his rainbow arch design. His design features two arched ribs, one on either side of the roadway, rising above the deck. The deck is suspended from the arches by vertical risers. Drivers see the rainbow arch crowns on each side, similar to crossing a pony truss bridge. The bridge over the Little Cottonwood River is one of the oldest Marsh rainbow arches in the country. Unfortunately, as traffic flow increased and farm machinery got larger, many of Marsh&#39;s rainbow arch designs became obsolete, since they could not be widened. There are only half a dozen Marsh rainbow arch bridges remaining in Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>The National Bank of New Zealand building is a historic building on the corner of Cuba Street and Vivian Street, Wellington, New Zealand. It is now occupied by Logan Brown Restaurant.</p><br>
<p>The building, designed by Claude Plummer-Jones, contains an exceptionally fine main banking space. Built by day labour, the structure is of concrete, faced externally with Malmesbury stone for the rusticated base with sandstone for the levels above. The building is classical in style. The 2 storeys above the ground floor have attached corinthian columns which extend through both storeys and are surmounted by an entablature and a balustraded parapet. Inside, the ground floor contains the (former) banking hall and some ancillary office space. Octagonal in shape, the paired corinthian column theme of the exterior is repeated internally to form, with arches between each pair, an open arcade. Above, a 6-metre diameter glazed dome further enhances the quality of the space. The banking hall as a whole offers one of Wellington&#39;s finer interior architectural experiences.</p><br>
<p>The building is classified as a "Category 1" by Heritage New Zealand.</p><br>
<p>The French Lick Springs Hotel, a part of the French Lick Resort Casino complex, is a major resort hotel in Orange County, Indiana. The historic hotel in the national historic district at French Lick was initially known as a mineral spring health spa and for its trademarked Pluto Water. During the period 1901 to 1946, when Thomas Taggart, a former mayor of Indianapolis, and his son, Thomas D. Taggart, were its owners and operators, the popular hotel attracted many fashionable, wealthy, and notable guests. In the 1920s and into the 1930s, the resort became known for its recreational sports, most notably golf, but the French Lick area also had a reputation for illegal gambling. After a series of subsequent owners and renovations, the hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. The restored hotel, with its exteriors of distinctive, buff-colored brick, reopened in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Origins</h3><br>
<p>The hotel site was located near a salt lick that wild animals once visited as they traveled along the Buffalo Trace in southern Indiana. Native Americans also used the area as hunting grounds. It became known as French Lick in reference to the French traders and settlers who lived in the vicinity of the salt lick. Some sources have cited a legend that suggests George Rogers Clark, who camped in the area during an expedition in 1786–87, may have named it after a site along the Cumberland River in Tennessee.</p><br>
<h3>Early development</h3><br>
<p>In 1826, encouraged by the presence of salt deposits near French Lick, Indiana&#39;s state government authorized the land to be mined for quantities of salt, but the saline content was insufficient to support large-scale salt mining and the property was offered for sale. In 1832 Thomas Bowles and his brother, William A., a Paoli, Indiana, physician and early land speculator, purchased 1,500 acre of land that included the site near the mineral springs. Doctor Bowles eventually built an inn on the property; it became known as the French Lick Springs Hotel.</p><br>
<p>Although the specific date of the hotel&#39;s opening is not known, it is believed that Bowles built the first hotel on his French Lick property sometime around 1845. (Some sources believe the narrow, three-story hotel, measuring an estimated 80 ft to 100 ft in length, may have been built prior to 1840, but most report that it opened in 1845.) The early hotel, which operated during the summer months, was a modest success. In 1846, prior to his departure for military service as a commissioned officer in the USA Army during the Mexican–American War, Bowles leased the property to John A. Lane, a physician/patent medicine salesman, for at least five years. Under the terms of the lease Lane agreed to enlarge and improve the facility.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1850s Bowles resumed management of the French Lick hotel at the end of the lease and continued to improve the property. Lane purchased 770 acre of land from Bowles that included mineral springs at Mile Lick, 1 mi north of French Lick. Lane assembled a sawmill, erected a bridge to traverse Lick Creek, and built the West Baden Springs Hotel. Competition from Lanes new hotel, which opened in the mid-1850s, began a decades-long rivalry between the two Orange County sites. who operated it for Bowles and the heirs of Bowless estate following the owners death in 1873. Joseph G. Rogers, a physician from Madison, Indiana, named the French Lick hotels largest mineral spring Pluto&#39;s Well in 1869. (Pluto is the classical mythologyical god of the underworld.)</p><br>
<p>The original French Lick hotel, which was rebuilt or enlarged as a -story frame building with a wrap-around veranda in the Gothic Revival style, underwent few additional changes until the early 1880s, when it was sold to Hiram E. Wells and James M. Andrews. (The hotel and mineral springs were sold at a sheriffs sale organized to settle a legal dispute over Bowless estate.)</p><br>
<p>Wells acquired Andrewss interest in the property in 1887 for $61,000, and immediately sold the hotel to a group of Louisville, Kentucky, investors for $122,000 in cash and $100,000 in the French Lick Springs Companys stock. Wells retained a one-quarter interest in the property until 1891, when he sold his interest to the investment group. The new owners made major improvements to the hotel, including the addition of two wings (Cliftonand Pavillion ) to the main hotel (Windsor). They also expanded the hotels operation from a seasonal business to a year-round resort. In 1887 the Monon Railroad railroad built an extension of its line to transport guests to the hotels and mineral springs at French Lick and West Baden. In 1888 the hotels owners granted the railroad a right of way on the hotel property.</p><br>
<p>The main hotel building (Windsor) was destroyed by a fire in 1897. Rebuilt on an even grander scale, a major resort that catered to guests seeking the advertised health benefits of the towns sulfur springs. Three major springs were located on the French Lick resorts property: Bowles (renamed Lithia), Proserpine, and the better-known Pluto. The area&#39;s mineral water and baths were alleged to cure more than fifty ailments, including gout, alcoholism, and rheumatism, among others.</p><br>
<h3>Taggart era</h3><br>
<p>In 1901 the property was sold to an investment group that included Thomas Taggart, a politician and former mayor of Indianapolis. Taggart served three terms as mayor of Indianapolis (1895 to 1901), as a chairman of the Democratic National Committee, and briefly in the USA Senate (1916). The new owners spent more than $200,000 on improvements, including a redesign and enlargement of the main wing (1901–02), sometimes called the front or east wing, designed by architect William Homer Floyd. The main wings new design overlaid the hotels Late Victorian architecture with Mediterranean Revival architecture, most notably the Italian Renaissance style that was popular in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The exteriors of the main wing and later additions were unified with similar proportions, a consistent roofline, and the hotel&#39;s distinctive buff-colored brick.</p><br>
<p>Around 1905 Taggart bought out his partners to become the hotels sole owner. Under his direction, the hotel was transformed into a first-class resort that included the main wing (1901–1902), a recreation center (formerly the bath house, 1910–11), and four connected wings: annex (1905, remodeled 1911), west (1910–11), deluxe (1914–15), and north (1924–25). These facilities housed lobbies and guest room, dining rooms and bars, offices, shops, and a spa. The annex wing provided offices and guest rooms. The west wing, the hotels first fireproof wing, included an elaborate Italian Renaissance Revival-style pavilion, originally named the Pluto Bar. The seven-story deluxe wing housed guest rooms and suites, including accommodations for the Taggart family when they resided at the hotel. The hotel&#39;s six-story north wing provided the hotel with conference and exhibition spaces.</p><br>
<p>Taggart made additional improvements at the mineral springs that included the construction of pavilions, including the Pluto spring house (circa 1911), to shelter the springs. A new mineral spring bath was built at the site of the present-day spa facility. In addition, Taggart is credited with modernizing the hotel, which included bringing in electricity, adding a fresh water system, and establishing trolley service to French Lick. The hotels service buildings included a kitchen complex (1897, 1910–11, c. 1925), power station (1902, expanded 1905), its first bottling plant (circa 1900) for Pluto Water, and a hotel laundry (circa 1911–13). He also convinced the Monon Railroad to lay a spur track to the hotels grounds and run daily passenger service to Chicago. The hotel also had three distinct gardens on it grounds: a Japanese garden (circa 1920; later redesigned and replanted), a Fresh Water Spring garden (circa 1900–15), and an Italian-style formal garden (circa 1915; later redesigned and altered). Recreational facilities included horseback riding, tennis, swimming, bowling, billiards, and a gym, as well as fine dining and dancing to music from the hotel&#39;s orchestra.</p><br>
<p>At the height of the resorts popularity, which occurred during Taggarts ownership of the hotel, approximately 150 to 200 guests checked into the hotel each day. The resort provided Taggart with more than $2 million in annual profits. Following Taggarts death in 1929, Thomas Douglas Taggart, the politicians son, became owner of the hotel property, which included approximately 4,000 acre and buildings valued at nearly $2 million.</p><br>
<h3>Decline</h3><br>
<p>In the years following the Wall Street stock market crash of 1929, the resort went into a steady decline, but it did not close. After a brief revival during World War II, it fell into another decline. Thomas D. Taggart sold the hotel to a group of New York City investors in 1946 Sheraton sold the hotel to Cox Hotel Corporation of New York in 1979. Cox returned the resort to its original name and sold the property to Kenwood Financial in 1986. The Luther James family of Louisville, Kentucky, acquired the hotel in 1991, and Boykin Lodging of Cleveland, Ohio, bought it in 1997. The Cook Group, headquartered in Bloomington, Indiana, purchased the hotel on April 13, 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Casino resort</h2><br>
<p>Revitalization of the hotel in the early twenty-first century began after considerable campaigning by Orange County residents, the Cook Group, Boykin Lodging (the hotel’s owner), and Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana, who lobbied the Indiana General Assembly to allow casino gambling in the area. Legislation was finally approved in 2003 and the required local referendum easily passed. The Indiana Gaming Commission granted the long-promised operating license for a riverboat casino to The Trump Organization, headed by businessman Donald Trump, but a variety of reasons caused the selection process to begin again. A partnership of business interests from within Indiana, including billionaire Bill Cook, submitted an application for a gambling license before purchasing the French Lick Springs Hotel from Boykin Lodging. The partnership was awarded the license during the summer of 2005. (Cook later bought out the partners after a legal dispute.)</p><br>
<p>The French Lick Resort Casino complex includes the French Lick Springs Hotel, adjacent casino, and the nearby West Baden Springs Hotel.</p><br>
<p>The French Lick resort, which is located on approximately 2,600 acre, includes the hotel, a casino, restaurants, boutique shops, a spa, and a conference center. Its recreational facilities offer guests swimming pools, three golf courses, a bowling alley, fitness center, stables for horses, and more than thirty miles of hiking trails.</p><br>
<h3>Pluto Water</h3><br>
<p>French Licks spring water, trademarked as Pluto Water, was served to guests at the hotels Pluto Bar, just off the main entrance. The water was bottled at a plant across the street from the hotel for consumption on the property and for commercial distribution nationally and internationally. Pluto Waters slogan, "If Nature Wont, Pluto Will," promoted its effectiveness as a laxative.</p><br>
<h2>Notable guests</h2><br>
<p>Chris Bundy, author of West Baden Springs: Legacy of Dreams, explained that in their heyday from the 1880s to the 1920s the resort hotels at French Lick and West Baden "were the Disney World of their time. In those days, it was assumed that if you could afford to come to America, you would go to French Lick. It was that well-known overseas." Over the years many of the countrys rich and famous came as guests or gave performances at the resort. French Licks visitors included moguls, movie stars, and entertainers such as John Barrymore, Howard Hughes, Lana Turner, Bob Hope, Bing Crosby, Hoagy Carmichael, Duke Ellington, Irving Berlin, and Louis Armstrong; noted politicians such as Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S Truman, Richard Nixon, and Ronald Reagan; wealthy socialites, such as members of the Vanderbilt family; and numerous others.</p><br>
<h2>Gambling</h2><br>
<p>Although casino gambling at French Lick and West Baden Springs was illegal under Indiana law until the early 2000s, it flourished in the area from the early 1900s until the mid-1940s, during the Taggart familys management of the resort. Thomas Taggart disassociated himself with any connection to gambling establishments, but there were several casinos in operation within Orange County, including Ed Ballards casino at West Baden Springs, Al Browns casino as French Lick, and one named The Gorge, among several others. A two-story, wood-framed structure in the middle of the French Lick hotels Japanese gardens may have been used as casino in the early twentieth century, although the building as identified in promotional materials as a place for bowling and dice games. Taggart denied any connections to illegal gambling operations.</p><br>
<p>In 1904 Indianas Republican governor, Frank Hanly, instigated a raid at the hotel and seized its gambling equipment. The state brought suit against Taggart, French Licks owner, and Lee Sinclair, owner of the West Baden Springs Hotel, but the court case bogged down when Hanleys Democrat successor, Thomas R. Marshall, became Indianas governor in 1908 and the suite was dropped. After the raid, gambling operations moved offsite to Browns hotel, across the street from the French Lick Hotel. Illegal gambling continued away from the resort until 1949, when Indianas governor, Henry Schricker, succeeded in getting the authorities to raid illegal gambling operations at French Lick, and Brown&#39;s casino was finally closed.</p><br>
<p>Legalized casino gambling came to French Lick in 2006, when the new French Lick Resort Casino opened as a part of the resort complex.</p><br>
<h2>Golf</h2><br>
<p>In the early twentieth century, when golf was beginning to gain popularity, the resort expanded its modest golf facilities. Around 1907 it is believed that Thomas Taggart hired Tom Bendelow to enlarge the Valley Course, the resorts first golf course, to an eighteen-hole course on 120 acre. The course design, attributed to Bendelow, featured a combination of wooded hills and flat turf. The one-story Valley clubhouse (circa 1915) was built during Taggarts tenure as the resorts owner. The painted brick, American Craftsman-style bungalow, which replaced an earlier building, is located northeast of the hotels north wing. Caddies waited in the clubhouses lower level for their turn to serve the courses patrons.</p><br>
<p>Around 1917 Donald Ross and his associates designed the eighteen -hole Hill Course, the resorts second golf course. Completed in 1920 on approximately 300 acre, the championship course was located about 2 mi from the hotel. At the time of its construction, the hilly terrain was modified to create challenges for golfers by varying elevations and adding hazards. The course hosted the PGA Championship tournament in 1924, which Walter Hagen won. The courses -story, wood-framed clubhouse with verandas along two sides was built in 1940 as a replacement for an earlier brick clubhouse. Its main floor was used for dining, socializing, equipment sales, and office space; the lower level contained locker rooms and rest rooms.</p><br>
<h2>Notable events</h2><br>
<p>Tomato juice is said to have been served for the first time at the hotel in 1917 when the chef Louis Perrin ran out of orange juice and needed an alternative.</p><br>
<p>When Taggert served as chairman of the Democratic National Committee, the hotel became its unofficial headquarters. In 1931, during a Democratic governors conference held at the hotel, Franklin D. Roosevelt came to find support among its attendees in his bid to become the Democratic Partys nominee for USA president.</p><br>
<p>National conventions of the Phi Kappa Tau fraternity were held at the hotel in 1940, 1953, and 1968.</p><br>
<p>The hotel&#39;s African-American employees played on an early Negro league baseball team called the French Lick Plutos in the mid-1910s. The team played their rivals, the West Baden Sprudels of the nearby West Baden Springs Hotel.</p><br>
<p>Production of Pluto Water ceased in 1971, after lithium, a natural occurrence in the water, became classified as a controlled substance used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>The French Lick Springs Hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The National Trust for Historic Preservation has included the hotel in its Historic Hotels of America program.</p><br>
<p>The Gottlieb Londershausen House, at 402 Main Street, Dayton, Oregon, was built in c. 1907 and is listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places. It is also known as the Culp Residence. It is a 2-story 26 ft by 42 ft house.</p><br>
<p>The house is significant for its association with Gottlieb Londershausen, who immigrated in 1883 to the USA and came to Dayton in 1889 with his family. Londershausen operated a shoe and harness repair shop for 29 years, located in two different buildings on Ferry Street between Second and Third Streets.</p><br>
<p>The house is one block away from the NRHP-listed Paul Londershausen House, located at 309 Main Street. Both houses were listed on the NRHP with the same name, Londerhausen House, in 1987. Paul Londershausen was one of Gottlieb&#39;s nine children.</p><br>
<p>Boxwood, also known as the Thomas J.B. Turner House, is an antebellum plantation house in southwestern Rutherford County, Tennessee, near Murfreesboro in the historic Salem community.</p><br>
<p>The house was built by Thomas J. B. Turner and his wife, Sarah Jetton Turner, and completed in 1843. It is a two-story brick house built on an I-house plan. Greek Revival architectural influences characteristic of antebellum architecture are evident in its design, which features a divided pedimented portico with square Doric columns and a balustrade. The name of the house derives from the boxwood plantings on the grounds, which are said to have originated with plants that Turner brought to Tennessee in a powder horn.</p><br>
<p>The Union Army occupied Boxwood during the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>Boxwood was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Marion Female Seminary, also known as the Old Perry County High School, is a historic Greek Revival-style school building utilizing the Doric order in Marion, Alabama. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 4, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Marion Female Seminary was established in 1836, with this building completed in 1850. The building contained the studio of artist Nicola Marschall when he taught at the school. He taught painting, music, French, and German while employed here. He is credited with designing the first Confederate flag. He also designed the gray Confederate military uniform, influenced by the mid-1800s uniforms of the Austrian and French Armies.</p><br>
<p>Built to serve as a female seminary from the time of construction, it was subsequently owned by the city of Marion from 1918 to 1930, at which time it was transferred to state ownership for use as a Perry County public school. Originally a three-story building, it was remodeled in 1930 with the removal of the uppermost floor from the building.</p><br>
<p>It currently houses the Perry County Historical Society and the Perry County High School Alumni Association.</p><br>
<p>The Protestant Childrens Home, also known as the Protestant Orphans Asylum, is a historic orphanage building in Mobile, Alabama, United States. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 18, 1973.</p><br>
<p>In 2015 the building was leased to the Infant Mystics society which began using it as a meeting lodge, renaming the place Cotton Hall.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Protestant Children&#39;s Home was built for the Protestant Orphan Asylum Society, established on December 2, 1839 by women of various Protestant denominations for the care of Protestant children without parents. The yellow fever epidemics of 1837 and 1839 had created the need for an organization to care for the many orphaned children left afterward. Mobile during this time was a predominantly Roman Catholic city, with a Catholic orphanage and other support organizations already functional. Originally accepting children up to ten years old, the Protestant Orphan Asylum Society later accepted girls up to 18 years old and boys up to 14 years old.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Designed by Henry Moffatt, a Philadelphia architect, the cornerstone for the orphanage was laid on July 4, 1845. The three-story brick structure is designed in a Late Federal style. Built on a central hall plan, the main block features two primary floors above a full-height ground floor. The front facade is five bays wide, with a two-story cast iron portico centered on the middle three bays. The upper tier of the portico features an elaborate ironwork balustrade and latticework. Minor alterations were made to the building during the late 19th century, the rear portion was expanded in 1924, and a full-scale renovation was completed in 1950.</p><br>
<p>Sierra de la Demanda is a mountain sub-range situated in the northern Iberian Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>The Sierra de la Demanda area provides the habitat for Lissotriton helveticus punctillatus (Schmidtler 1970), a subspecies of the palmate newt.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Sierra de la Demanda is part of the western section of the larger Sistema Ibérico. The sub-range runs through the eastern province of Burgos and western La Rioja, bordering on the Meseta Central in Spain.</p><br>
<p>Monte San Lorenzo (2270 m), highest peak of the sub-range.</p><br>
<p>Monte San Millan (2131 m)</p><br>
<p>The highest peaks of the range are usually covered in snow between October and May every year. Valdezcaray ski resort is located in the Sierra de la Demanda. The Picos de Urbión are located south of this range.</p><br>
<p>The George B. Clifford House is a Queen Anne style Victorian home located in the Near Southside Historic District of Grand Forks, North Dakota. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1889 for businessman George B. Clifford on Reeves Dr., a street of impressive homes built for the early elite of the city of Grand Forks. It is one of North Dakota&#39;s best examples of early Queen Anne architecture. Because it was built only 13 years after the Watts-Sherman House in Newport, Rhode Island, said to be the first Queen Anne style house in the country, it is closer in design and detail to the original style as elaborated by Richard Norman Shaw.</p><br>
<p>The house is also significant historically for its connection to George B. Clifford. Clifford was a prominent businessman, attorney, and real estate man, and one of the three founders of the Cream of Wheat company. His investments and links to northeastern capital represented an important contribution to the early years of progress after the first settlement of Grand Forks.</p><br>
<p>Greenleaf Peak is a mountain in the Cascade Range in the USA state of Washington, located on the north side of the Columbia River near Table Mountain, in the Columbia River Gorge. The peak lies within the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area near Bonneville Dam. It is 3,424 ft in elevation.</p><br>
<p>Just south of the summit of Greenleaf Peak there is a dramatic escarpment called Red Bluffs, which connects Greenleaf Peak and Table Mountain. Approximately 1,300 ft of the Eagle Creek formation are exposed at Red Bluffs. The Red Bluffs escarpment was created by the repeated collapse of Greenleaf Peak and Table Mountain. Massive landslides have fallen from the mountains, creating a 12 to 14 sqmi area of debris called the Cascade Landslide Complex. The largest and most studied landslide is known as the Bonneville Slide, which created the Bridge of the Gods and Cascade Rapids The topography of the landslide complex is uneven with roughly rolling hills and abrupt slopes. The whole area is inclined south toward and beyond the Columbia River. There may have been a cinder cone between Greenleaf Peak and Table Mountain which collapsed during the Bonneville Slide.</p><br>
<p>The propensity of the area south of Greenleaf Peak and Table Mountain to collapse in landslides is due to the Eagle Creek formation. The rocks of the formation cover approximately 30 mi of the Columbia River Gorge east of Cape Horn and consist of a mixture of past landslides, volcanic mud flows and ash falls. The formation is topped with basalt. Water can percolate through the basalt and saturate the Eagle Creek formation. In places where the formation is relatively close to the surface and inclined downslope, such as near Greenleaf Peak and Table Mountain, water saturation can cause the formation&#39;s material to slide away, carrying the overlying basalt with it.</p><br>
<p>Between Greenleaf Peak and Table Mountain, and above the Red Bluffs, lies Greenleaf Basin. The basin averages 2,040 ft in elevation and is covered with forested wetlands. Greenleaf Creek flows south through the basin before plunging as a waterfall over the Red Bluffs escarpment.</p><br>
<p>In the winter of 2007-2008 there was a large landslide on the south slope of Greenleaf Peak, in the state-owned Table Mountain Natural Resources Conservation Area. Some 3 to 5 acre of a timbered rocky cliff slid, burying approximately 30 acre of forest under rubble. The slide was estimated to be about 750 ft wide and 0.5 mi long.</p><br>
<p>Mount Jizu is situated Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The mountain is located to the northeast of Erhai and forms the tripoint of three counties: Heqing, Binchuan, and Dali City. Mount Jizu is a famed holy mountain in Buddhism. Its main peak, Tianzhu Peak, rises some 3,240 metres above sea level. The mountain is vegetated with dense forests and bamboo groves. With three mountain ranges to the front and one range to the rear, it appears like a cocks foot, hence its common name Mount Cocks Foot or Mt. Cock&#39;s Claw. Yet another name for this mountain is Nine Strata Cliffs.</p><br>
<p>Haicheng Ling et al. (2005: p. 40) relate the experience of Xu Xiake (1586-1641):</p><br>
<p>"On the top of Tianzhu Peak, people can admire sun-rise in the east, sea of auspicious clouds in the south, the Cangshan Mountain and the Erhai Lake in the west, and the Yulong Snow Mountain in the north. Xu Xiake (1586-1641), a famous traveller and writer of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), marvelled that on the top of a single peak, people could see the "Four Scenes" - sun, lake, cloud and snow. "</p><br>
<p>The mountain is now not only a center of Zen, Pureland, and Tibetan Buddhism, but also a popular weekend getaway for Chinese tourists. A cablecar whisking visitors to the summit was installed above Tangyuan Street (汤圆街) in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Nomenclature, orthography and etymology</h2><br>
<p>Mount Jakang Chen (alternate names: Riwo Jakang, Mount Jizu, Jizu Shan, Jizushan Mountain)</p><br>
<p>Tan Chung (1998: p. 136) states that:</p><br>
<p>"Among the legends of Yunnan, there is one recorded in the Gazetteer of Yunnan Province compiled during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). A "Cock&#39;s Foot Hill" (Jizushan) at Binchuan County in the province was obviously christened after the Sanskrit Kukkatapadagiri - the name of the hill only 50 kilometres away from the bodhi tree under which Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment."</p><br>
<h2>Temples</h2><br>
<p>During the Three Kingdoms period, small nunneries were built, to be later expanded in the Tang dynasty. Most of the temple construction was during the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty. Temples of note are the: Xitang Temple, Shizhong Temple, Huayan Temple and Jinding Temple (Golden Top) which had been relocated from Kunming. Later, many temples fell into ruins, and now, only Zhushengsi Temple, the gate tower of Jinding Temple and Lengyan Pagoda are maintained.</p><br>
<p>As Haicheng Ling et al. (2005: p. 40) hold:</p><br>
<p>"The first temple on Mount Jizu was built during the Tang dynasty (AD 618-907). Later, more temples were added in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, covering a long period from 960 to 1911. In the reign of the Kangxi Emperor (1662-1722) of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), there were 42 big or small temples, 65 nunneries and more than 170 abodes for peace, with more than 5,000 monks and nuns. Existing temples on Mount Jizu are the Zunsheng Tower Temple, the Xitan Temple, the Zhusheng Temple, the Jiguang Temple, the Shizhong Temple and the Dajue Temple."</p><br>
<p>Zunsheng Tower Temple, Xitan Temple, the Zhusheng Temple, the Jiguang Temple, the Shizhong Temple and the Dajue Temple.</p><br>
<h2>Buddhism</h2><br>
<p>Legend and folklore holds it that Mount Jizu was a bodhimandala of Mahakasyapa, one of the foremost disciples of Shakyamuni.</p><br>
<h3>Tantric Buddhism</h3><br>
<p>Monica Esposito (1993: vol2., p. 389-440; 1997: p. 67-123) mentions the Longmen (lóngmén) Tantric branch of Mount Jizu a regional example of the tradition that yielded the Longmen Grottoes.</p><br>
<p>The Upa-yoga tantra scriptures first appeared in Mount Jakang Chen (; alternate names: Riwo Jakang, Mount Jizu) and the charnel ground of Cool Grove. Cool Grove is also known as Śītavana (Sanskrit).</p><br>
<p>Yinxiang Temple 迎祥寺 (present day Zhusheng Temple :zh:祝圣寺) on Jizu mountains became the field of activity of the famous monk Xu Yun (? - 1959). The story was recently popularized in the TV-series 百年虚云 (PRC, 2009, cf. :zh:中国大陆电视剧列表 (2009年)).</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Bell DeRemer House is a Dutch Colonial Revival style house located on Belmont Road in the Near Southside Historic District of Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States. The house was built in 1906 for the architect Joseph Bell DeRemer, who designed the home himself. As an example of a middle-class house the structure is remarkable for details and quality associated with the public and commercial buildings designed by the DeRemer firm.</p><br>
<p>The exterior of the house features a red brick flemish bond porch and chimney stacks; the second story was originally finished in stucco, but has been redone with metal siding. It has a gambrel roof and dormers. Trim includes friezes, bracketing, and dentilled wood running courses. A brick pergola, designed to match the house, is located on the southeast.</p><br>
<p>Interior details are generally classical with dentilled ceiling moldings, pilaster strips, and frieze. Each room has a uniquely designed parquet floor. Various Craftsmen, and Art Moderne details can also be found in the house.</p><br>
<h2>Joseph Bell DeRemer</h2><br>
<p>Joseph Bell DeRemer (1871–1944) was one of the finest architects in North Dakota. Some of the important works produced by DeRemer or his firm, under the leadership of his son Samuel Teel DeRemer, include the President&#39;s House at the University of North Dakota, the Masonic Temple, and the Art Moderne United Lutheren Church and North Dakota State Capitol skyscraper. Joseph DeRemer also designed houses in the Grand Forks Near Southside Historic District, most notably the Tudor Revival house presently located at 521 South Sixth Street off Reeves Drive.</p><br>
<p>Bluestonehenge or Bluehenge  is a prehistoric henge and stone circle monument that was discovered by the Stonehenge Riverside Project about 1 mi south-east of Stonehenge in Wiltshire, England. All that currently remains of the site is the ditch of the henge and a series of stone settings, none of which is visible above ground.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>The site was excavated in August 2008 and again in August 2009 and is considered to be an important find by archaeologists.</p><br>
<p>Full details of the discovery were published in the 2010 January / February edition of British Archaeology.</p><br>
<p>Mike Parker Pearson and his team of researchers played a key role in the discovery of a new henge site along the River Avon that links to Stonehenge. This new site was uncovered through excavation during the Stonehenge Riverside Project and was given the name “Bluestonehenge” or “Bluehenge” because traces of bluestones were found during the excavation. The term “henge” is often incorrectly thought to mean a circular structure of stone. In fact, henge refers to an enclosed structure made of compressed earth containing a ditch on the inside of the bank, giving the perception of keeping something inside the enclosure, rather than keeping out others. This would imply that Stonehenge is actually improperly named, as its ditch is located on the outside of the bank which means that it is not really a henge by the original definition.</p><br>
<h2>Initial findings</h2><br>
<p>The monument has been tentatively dated to between about 3000 and 2400 BC, although radiocarbon dating of antler tools found at the site has only provided an approximate date of 2469 to 2286 BC for the dismantling of the stones. Tests on an antler pick found at the bottom of a stonehole have so far failed due to inadequate collagen in the sample.</p><br>
<p>Excavation revealed several stone settings that are thought to have been erected some time between 3400-2500 BC, due to two flint chisel arrowheads in a style commonly used during that period being found. It is estimated that there may have been as many as 27 stones in a circle 33 ft wide. Charcoal was found in some holes, suggesting that burning may have taken place there. One suggestion is that the henge was a site for cremations. Within the stone circle there were imprints of the bases from the original stones, which have been compared to the bluestones located in Stonehenge and have been found to have matching dimensions.</p><br>
<p>The name "Bluestonehenge" is derived from the discovery of small stone chips in some of the stone settings. These bluestones are also found in Stonehenge and consist of a wide range of rock types originally from Pembrokeshire West Wales, some 150 mi away. Archaeologist Mike Parker Pearson suspects that any bluestones in the circle may have been removed around 2500 BC and incorporated into Stonehenge, which underwent major rebuilding work at about that time.</p><br>
<p>The stone circle settings were surrounded by a henge, comprising an 82 ft ditch and outer bank which appears to date from approximately 2400 BC. Unlike Stonehenge, there do not appear to be any significant solar or lunar orientations within the monument.</p><br>
<h2>Context</h2><br>
<p>The henge is located beside the River Avon in West Amesbury. Immediately beside it is the Avenue, a linear ditch and bank route that leads to Stonehenge.</p><br>
<p>It is thought that it was a ceremonial route from an area of life at Durrington Walls, though Bluestonehenge and along the "Stonehenge Avenue", to arrive at the location of their final resting place in Stonehenge. This final resting place of Stonehenge theory can be supported by the numerous cremation burials (over 200) that have been uncovered during excavation work around Stonehenge. Analysis of these remains also leads researchers to believe it was a ceremony for the wealthier in the region, or of royal lineage, or even for those who helped initiate construction of Stonehenge. This select group of individuals was believed to be male adults who were 25–40 years old and whom seemed quite healthy. Mike Parker Pearson’s past experience working with a colleague from Madagascar also helped to shape his theory. He believes that the choice of stone material for Stonehenge is significant as past civilizations often reserved construction of their ancestor’s tombs with stone, while the perishable material, such as the wood used for the Durrington Walls timber circles, was reserved for the living. Parker Pearson believes that Durrington Walls may have been a "land of the living" while Stonehenge (which was Britain&#39;s largest known cemetery at the time) was a "domain of the dead".</p><br>
<p>Pandavleni, also known as Panch Pandav or Pandav Leni Jain cave, is ancient rock-cut sculptures complex located at Gomai River around 6 kilometer north of Shahada, Maharashtra. These caves were excavated by Jain saints 2,000 years ago.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Pandavleni complex is in the bed of Gomai river carved in one solid rock. The Pandavleni is around 10 metres below the rest of terrain. There are rather identical two structures around 15 metres apart in east-west line. Sculptures in rock are carved in such a way that water in river flows over the rock, water falls in sculpture complex but force of water do not impact sculptures. It is like sculpture carved on the wall of well. During flood well will be filled with water and water will flow over well without causing any damage to sculpture on the wall of the well.</p><br>
<h2>Pandavleni Complex A</h2><br>
<p>This complex is nearest to centre of bed of Gomai river. There are two rooms. In first small there are five sculptures. Main sculpture room is Mahavir sculpture facing towards east, which is partially destroyed. On the right and left side of Mahavir sculpture there are two sculptures each. This room opens to second big room where there are many sculptures carved on the four walls of the room.</p><br>
<h2>Pandavleni Complex B</h2><br>
<p>This complex is around 15 metres in the west from Complex A in the same rock. This complex looks identical like Complex A except that in the first small room there are total seven sculptures, three sculptures each on the right and left side of Mahavir sculpture. This Mahavir sculpture is also facing east.</p><br>
<h2>Present Status</h2><br>
<p>Pandavleni caves is protected site under Archaeological Survey of India. As the Pandavleni site is almost 2 km away from population, it is not spoiled by any human activity.</p><br>
<p>The Sans Bois Mountains are a small mountain range in southeastern Oklahoma and part of the larger Ouachita Mountains. It is a frontal belt of the Ouachita Mountains and is located in Haskell and Latimer counties, Oklahoma. Sans bois is a French term meaning "without forest" or "without wood" in English.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Humans have inhabited the area since prehistoric times. According to the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, the earliest inhabitants were Hunter-Gatherers and Foragers, from about 8000 to 10,000 B. C. Later indigenous people began farming about 1 B.C. along streams with suitable topography. Tribes of the Wichita Confederation moved in and established large villages during the Historic Era. The Choctaws, forced to leave their previous homeland in the Southeastern U. S., started displacing other tribes about 1830.</p><br>
<p>During the 19th Century, this area became an important source for timber. Later in the century, production of coal and natural gas became economic mainstays, continuing into the 20th Century.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The highest peaks of the Sans Bois Mountains are 1,800 feet above sea level. Robbers Cave State Park is in the middle of the mountains.</p><br>
<p>The Kanisfluh is a mostly isolated massif in the central Bregenz Forest Mountains between the municipalities Mellau and Au.The Kanisfluh is considered the most famous mountain and landmark of the Bregenz Forest, Vorarlberg, Austria.</p><br>
<h2>Location and Peaks</h2><br>
<p>Viewed from the North, the prominent cliff face of the Kanisfluh dominates the valley of Schnepfau and Bregenzer Ach, while the grassy south slopes decline more gently.</p><br>
<p>The highest peak is the "Holenke" at an elevation of 2,044 metres AA (6706 feet), which can be climbed via a comfortable mountain trail (SAC hiking scale T2). Other peaks are the "Hoher Stoß" (1,806 m AA), the "Runder Kopf" (2,014 m AA) and the "Sonnenspitze" (1,965 m AA). No trails lead to these, reaching them ocasionally requires advanced mountaineering abilities.</p><br>
<h2>Delineation and neighboring mountain groups</h2><br>
<p>In the current Alpine Club Guide by Dieter Seibert (2008) as well as the preceding version by Walther Flaig (1977), there Damülser Berge und Kanisfluh, and also in the SOIUSA classification by Marizzi (there sub-group b) the Kanisfluh is assigned to the group of the Damülser Berge (Damülsian mountains), because they form a common ridge.</p><br>
<p>The Gebirgsgruppengliederung für das österreichische Höhlenverzeichnis (mountain group classification for the Austrian cave index) by Trimmel has the Kanisfluh as a completely independent group due to its geological discreteness (no. 1117). It is delineated by:</p><br>
<p>in the North and East Bregenzer Ach up to Au towards the Östliches Bregenzerwaldgebirge (Hirschberg range and Mittagsfluh massif)</p><br>
<p>in the South Argenbach to Argenzipfel towards Zitterklapfen group of the Lechquellen Mountains</p><br>
<p>in the West Argenzipfel ditch (Leuebach) and trail to the Obere Alp (Oberälple) – saddle (height ca. 1635 m) of the connecting range to Klippern – trail to Wurzachalpe – trail and ditch to Hofstetten inn – Bregenzer Ach near Mellau, towards Mittagsspitzgruppe, the Damülser Berge in the narrow sense</p><br>
<p>Canandaigua Historic District is a national historic district located at Canandaigua in Ontario County, New York. The district includes 354 residential, commercial, religious, and civic properties  that constitute the historic core of Canandaigua. It incorporates the North Main Street Historic District. The structures date from the 1810s to 1930s and contains a number of distinctive buildings reflecting a variety of architectural styles including Greek Revival, Italianate, Colonial Revival. The Ontario County Courthouse is located within the district boundaries. Located in the district is the separately listed former United States Post Office.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. In 2016, an isolated area of 68 additional properties was added to the district after they were found to be sufficiently historic.</p><br>
